Lexploria

SECOND SECTION

CASE OF ATILGAN AND OTHERS v. TURKEY

(Applications nos. 14495/1 1 , 14531/11, 26274/11, 78923/11, 8408/12, 11848/12, 12078/12, 12103/12, 14745/12, 21910/12 and 41087/12 )

JUDGMENT

This version was rectified on 28 April 2015

under Rule 81 of the Rules of Court.

STRASBOURG

27 January 2015

This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.

In the case of At ı lgan and Others v. Turkey ,

The European Court of Human Rights ( Second Section ), sitting as a committee composed of:

Helen Keller , President, Egidijus Kūris , Jon Fridrik Kjølbro , judges , and Abel Campos , Deputy Section Registrar ,

Having deliberated in private on 16 December 2014 ,

Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:

PROCEDURE

1 . The case originated in eleven application s (no s . 14495/11 , 14531/11 , 26274/11 , 78923/11 , 8408/12 , 11848/12 , 12078/12 , 12103/12 , 14745/12, 21910/12 , 41087/12 ) against the Republic of Turkey lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by twenty two Turkish nationals (“the applicants” ), whose names appear in the appendix.

2 . The applicants were represented by Mr Ö. Kılıç and Ms A. Taşdemir , lawyer s practising in Istanbul . The Turkish Government (“the Government”) were represented by their Age nt.

3 . On 10 January 2013 the applications were communicated to the Government. It was also decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the applications at the same time (Article 29 § 1).

THE FACTS

I. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE

4 . The applicants, whose names appear in the appendix hereto, are Turkish nationals who live in Istanbul . They are the owners, executive directors, edi tors-in-chief, editors and members of the technical staff of nine publications which were issued on daily, weekly, biweekly or bimonthly basis: Haftal ı k Yorum , Politik Yorum , Ülkede Yorum , Yeni Demokratik Toplum , Yeni Demokratik Yaşam , Yeni Demokratik Ulus, Azadiya Welat , Demokratik Ulus, and Özgür Mezopotamya . Th e y are represented before the Court by Mr Ö. Kılıç and Ms A. Taşdemir , lawyers practising in Istanbul.

5 . On various dates between 23 June 2010 and 15 February 2012 , the Istanbul Assize Courts decided to suspend the publication and distribution of the abovementioned nine newspapers for periods ranging from fifteen days to one month under section 6 (5) of the Prevention of Terrorism Act (Law no. 3713 ), on the ground that the newspapers had published propaganda in favour of various illegal organisations . All copies of the relevant issues were seized. The applicants raised objections to the suspension orders but these objections were dismissed shortly afterwards by the Istanbul, Assize Courts. Neither the applicants nor their representatives were permitted to participate in any of the proceedings held before the Assize Courts.

6 . The details of the proceedings may be found in the appended table.

II. RELEVANT DO MESTIC LAW

7 . A description of the relevant d omestic law and practice may be found in the case of Ürper and Others v. Turkey ( nos. 14526/07, 14747/07, 15022/07, 15737/07, 36137/07, 47245/07, 50371/07, 50372/07 and 54637/07 , §§ 12-14, 20 October 2009 ).

8 . Within the context of the “Judicial Reform Strategy Action Plan”, on 5 July 2012 a new law amending various laws with a view to rendering judicial services more effective and to suspending cases and sentences given in cases concerning crimes committed through the press and media (Law no. 6352) entered into force. Section 105 (2) of Law no. 6352 abolished section 6 (5) of the Prevention of Terrorism Act (Law no. 3713 ).

THE LAW

9 . Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to join them .

I. THE GOVERNMENT ’ S PRELIMINARY OBJECTION

10 . The Government submitted that the applicants ’ observations and claims for just satisfaction had not been submitted in one of the official languages of the Court. They therefore argued that these submissions should not be taken into account for failing to meet the requirements of Article 34 § 1 of the Rules of Court.

11 . The Court notes that by a letter sent by the Registry of the Court on 17 July 2013 the applicants had been granted the use of Turkish language.

12 . The Court further reiterates that it has already examined and dismissed similar objections by the respondent Government (see, mutatis mutandis , Öner Aktaş v. Turkey (no. 59860/10 , § 29, 29 October 2013 , and Y ü ksel v. Turkey ( dec. ), no. 49756/09 , § 42, 1 October 2013) . In the present case, the Court finds no reason to depart from that conclusion. The Government ’ s arguments on this point should therefore be rejected.

I I . ADMISSIBILITY

13 . The Government submitted that the applicants Nurcan Ercan , Kudret Gülün , Yılmaz Yıldız , Nezife Gündüz , Ferhat Gürgen and Leyla Aydoğan , six employees working as technical personnel at the publications in question, did not have victim status. They submitted in this connection that the aforementioned did not car ry out journalistic activities.

14 . The Court notes that there is no evidence in the file, and the Government failed to demonstrate , that the aforementioned applicants did not carry out journalistic activities. Furthermore, t he Court recalls that it has previously considered some of the applicants in question, namely Nurcan Ercan , Kudret Gülün and Ferhat Gürgen to have victim status in a similar case concerning the suspension of publication of some weekly newspapers and awarded them non- pecuniary damages in respect of a violation of their rights under Article 10 (see T urgay and Others v. Turkey (no. 5) , nos. 32869/08, 35022/08 and 39904/08 , 21 September 2010 ) . In the light of the foregoing, the Court finds that the applicants took active part in the preparation and publication of the newspapers in question. It accordingly rejects the Government ’ s objection.

15 . The Court notes that the applications are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 of the Convention. It further notes that they are not inadmissible on any other grounds. They must therefore be declared admissible.

I I I. MERITS

A. Alleged violation of Article 10 of the Convention

16 . The applicants alleged under Article 10 of the Convention that the suspension of the publication and distribution of Haftal ı k Yorum , Politik Yorum , Ülkede Yorum , Yeni Demokratik Toplum , Yeni Demokratik Yaşam , Yeni Demokratik Ulus, Azadiya Welat , Demokratik Ulus, and Özgür Mezopotamya , which had been b ased on section 6(5) of Law no. 3713, constituted an unjustified interference with their freedom of expression. They claimed in particular that the banning, for such lengthy periods, of the publication of the newspapers as a whole, whose future content was unknown at the time of the national courts ’ decisions, had amounted to censorship.

17 . The Court notes that the Government did not submit any observa tions on the merits of the case.

18 . The Court notes that it has already examined a similar complaint and found a violation of Article 10 of the Convention in the case of Ürper and Others v. Turkey ( nos. 14526/07, 14747/07, 15022/07, 15737/07, 36137/07, 47245/07, 50371/07, 50372/07 and 54637/07 , §§ 24-45 , 20 October 2009 , where it noted in particular that the practice of banning the future publication of entire peri odicals on the basis of section 6 (5) of Law no. 3713 went beyond any notion of “necessary” restraint in a democratic society and, instead, amounted to censorship. The Court finds no particular circumstances in the instant case which would require it to depart from this jurisprudence.

19 . There has accordingly been a violation of Article 10 of the Convention.

B. Alleged violations of Articles 6, 7 and 13 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention

20 . The applicants complained under Article 6 §§ 1 and 3 of the Convention that they had been unable to participate in the proceedings before the Istanbul Assize Court and that the latter had decided to suspend publication and distribution of the aforementioned newspapers without obtaining their submissions in defence . They further contended under Article 13 of the Convention that they had not had a domestic remedy by which to challenge the lawfulness of the national court decisions, as their objections to the suspension orders had been dismissed without trial. The applicants also complained under Article 6 § 2 that these orders had violated their right to be presumed innocent, since the national courts had held that criminal offences had been committed through the publication of news reports and articles in the aforementioned newspapers, for which they had been responsible. The applicants further submitted under Article 7 of the Convention that the decisions to suspend the publication and distribution of the newspapers amounted to a “penalty” without a legal basis. Lastly, they complained under Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 that the decisions to suspend the publication of Haftal ı k Yorum , Politik Yorum , Ülkede Yorum , Yeni Demokratik Toplum , Yeni Demokratik Yaşam , Yeni Demokratik Ulus, Azadiya Welat , Demokratik Ulus, and Özgür Mezopotamya had constituted an unjustified interference with their right to property.

21 . The Government did not comment on these allegations.

22 . Having regard to the circumstances of the cases and to its finding of a violation of Article 10 of the Convention (see paragraph 19 above) , the Court considers that it has examined the main legal question raised in the present applications. It concludes therefore that there is no need to make separate rulings in respect of these other complaints (see, mutatis mutandis , Demirel and Others v. Turkey , no. 75512/01, § 27, 24 July 2007; Demirel and Ateş v. Turkey (no. 3) , no. 11976/03, § 38, 9 December 2008; Ürper and Others , cited above, § 49; Turgay and Others v. Turkey , § 27 , 15 June 2010 ; and Ölmez and Turgay v. Turkey , § 20 , 5 October 2010 )

IV. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION

A. Damage

1. Pecuniary damage

23 . The applicants Mehmet Atılgan, Özlem Özdemir, Saadet Irmak, Arafat Dayan and Menderes Ön er [1] , who were the owners and executive directors of the relevant publications at the time, claimed 3,000 euros (EUR) each in respect of pecuniary damage for the commercial loss which the newspapers had suffered as a result of the suspension decisions. They did not submit any documentary evidence in support of their claims.

24 . The Government contested these claims, arguing that the purported pecuniary damage had not been duly documented. The Government further argued that the sum requested by the applicants was excessive.

25 . The Court notes the applicants ’ failure to submit any documents to substantiate this claim. Accordingly, it must be rejected.

2. Non-pecuniary damage

26 . The applicants claimed EUR 2 ,000 each in respect of non ‑ pecuniary damage.

27 . The Government considered this sum to be excessive.

28 . The Court considers that all the applicants may be deemed to have suffered a certain amount of distress and frustration which cannot be sufficiently compensated by the finding of a violation alone. Taking into account the particular circumstances of the case and the type of violation found, the Court awards the applicants EUR 1,800 each for non ‑ pecuniary damage.

B. Costs and expenses

29 . The applicants also claimed EUR 3,000 jointly for the costs and expenses incurred before the Court and as fees of legal representation. They did not support any documents in support of their claim.

30 . The Government contested this claim.

31 . According to the Court ’ s case-law, an applicant is entitled to the reimbursement of costs and expenses only in so far as it has been shown that these have been actually and necessarily incurred and were reasonable as to quantum. In the present case, regard being had to the documents in its possession and the above criteria, the Court rejects the claim for costs and expenses in the absence of documents supporting the applicants ’ claim.

C. Default interest

32 . The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.

FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT , UNANIMOUSLY,

1 . Decides to join the applications ;

2. Holds that there has been a violation of Article 10 of the Convention;

3. Holds that there is no need to examine separately the complaint s under Articles 6, 7 and 13 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 ;

4. Holds ,

a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicants within three months from the date on which the judgment becomes final in accordance with Article 44 § 2 of the Convention, the following amounts to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement:

( i ) EUR 1,800 (one thousand eight hundred euros), in respect of non-pecuniary damage, plus any tax that may be chargeable, to each of the following applicants:

- Mehmet Atılgan ;

- Özlem Özdemir ;

- Saadet Irmak;

- Arafat Dayan;

- Menderes Ö ner [2] ;

- Güler Özdemir;

- Nurcan Ercan;

- Kudret Gülün ;

- Yılmaz Yıldız;

- Nezife Gündüz;

- Sevinç Şimşek Karaman;

- Rüya Işık ;

- Pervin Kaya;

- Barış Döner;

- Ferhat Gürgen ;

- Lokman Balık ;

- Leyla AydoÄŸan ;

- Tayip Temel;

- Nadir Arzu;

- Özgür Güllü;

- Sinan Balık ;

- Burcu Özkaya .

(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amount[s] at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points;

5. Dismisses the remainder of the applicants ’ claim for just satisfaction.

Done in English, and notified in writing on 27 January 2015 , pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.

Abel Campos Helen Keller

Deputy Registrar President

No.

Application

no.

Lodged on

Applicant

name

date of birth

place of residence

Represented by

Name of the newspaper and the duration of the suspension of its publication and distribution

Date of suspension of publication and distribution

Date of dismissal of applicants ’ objections to the suspensions

14495/11

27/10 /20 10

Mehmet Atı lgan

(the owner)

02/05/1986

Istanbul

Güler Ö zdemir

12/10/1981

Istanbul

Nurcan Ercan

15/10/1974

Istanbul

Kudret Gülü n

23/041982

Istanbul

Y ılmaz Yıldı z

16/09/1979

Istanbul

Nezife Gündü z

24/04/1962

Istanbul

Sevinç Şimş ek

Karaman

07/01/1980

Istanbul

Rü ya Is ı k

05/02/1966

Istanbul

Pervin Kaya

22/01/1988

Istanbul

Barış Dö ner

01/12/1987

Istanbul

Özcan Kılıç

Haftalık Yorum

(weekly newspaper)

Duration of suspension : one month

24/08/2010

(Istanbul 11 th Assize Court- case no. 2010/673 )

28/08/2010

(Istanbul 11 th Assize Court- case no. 2010/702 )

14531/11

12/10/2010

Mehmet Atı lgan

(The owner)

02/05/1986

Istanbul

Güler Ö zdemir

12/10/1981

Istanbul

Nurcan Ercan

15/10/1974

Istanbul

Kudret Gülü n

23/04/1982

Istanbul

Yılmaz Yıldı z

16/09/1979

Istanbul

Nezife Gündü z

24/04/1962

Istanbul

Sevinç Şimş ek

Karaman

07/01/1980

Istanbul

Rüya Isı k

05/02/1966

Istanbul

Pervin Kaya

22/01/1988

Istanbul

Barış Dö ner

01/12/1987

Istanbul

Ö zcan Kılıç

Politik Yorum

(weekly newspaper)

Duration of suspension : one month

17/08/2010

(Istanbul 14 th Assize Court- case no. 2010/82 0)

24 /0 8/2010

(Istanbul 13 th Assize Court- case no. 2009/425)

26274/11

20/12/2010

Saadet Irmak

01/07/1976

Istanbul

Ö zcan Kılıç

Ãœlkede Yorum

(weekly newspaper)

Duration of suspension : one month

15/11/2010

(Istanbul 12 th Assize Court- case no. 2010/1085

25/11 / 2010

(Istanbul 12 th Assize Court- case no. 2010/1102)

78923/11

14/11/2011

Ö zlem Özd emir

01/01/1978

Istanbul l

Pervin Kaya

22/01/1988

Istanbul

Kudret Gülün

23/04/1982

Istanbul

Nurcan Ercan

15/10/1974

Istanbul

Ferhat Gürgen

28/09/1983

Istanbul

Lokman Balık

01/01/1981

Istanbul

Leyla AydoÄŸan

04/07/1978

Istanbul

Özcan Kılıç

Yeni Demokratik Toplum

(weekly newspaper)

The issue of 10-16 October

Duration of suspension : one month

11/10/2011

(Istanbul 10 th Assize Court-case no. 2011/676)

24/10/2011

(Istanbul 10 th Assize Court-case no. 2011/727)

8408/12

28/12/2011

Ö zlem Özd emir

01/01/1978

Istanbul

Pervin Kaya

22/01/1988

Istanbul

Kudret Gülün

23/04/1982

Istanbul

Nurcan Ercan

15/10/1974

Istanbul

Ferhat Gürgen

28/09/1983

Istanbul

Lokman Balık

01/01/1981

Istanbul

Leyla AydoÄŸan

04/07/1978

Istanbul

Ö zcan Kılıç

Yeni Demokratik YaÅŸam

(weekly newspapers)

The issue of 24-30 October

Yeni Demokr a tik Toplum

The issue of 14-20 November

Duration of suspension : fifteen days

26/10/2011

(Istanbul 17 th Assize Court-case no. 2011/55)

15/11/2011

(Istanbul 13 th Assize Court-case no . 2011/3422)

21/11/2011

(Istanbul 17 th Assize Court-case no. 2011/77)

25/11/2011

(Istanbul 13 th Assize Court-case no. 2011/755)

11848/12

11/01/2012

Ö zlem Özd emir

01/01/1978

Istanbul

Pervin Kaya

22/01/1988

Istanbul

Kudret Gülün

23/04/1982

Istanbul

Nurcan Ercan

15/10/1974

Istanbul

Ferhat Gürgen

28/09/1983

Istanbul

Lokman Balık

01/01/1981

Istanbul

Leyla AydoÄŸan

04/07/1978

Istanbul

Ö zcan Kılıç

Yeni Demokratik Ulus

(weekly newspaper)

Duration of suspension : one month

Yeni Demokratik YaÅŸam

(weekly newspaper)

Duration of suspension : one month

23/11/2011

(Istanbul 11 th Assize Court- case no. 2011/1182)

06/12/2011

(Istanbul 10 th Assize Court- case no. 2011/804)

07/12/2011

(Istanbul 11 th Assize Court- case no. 2011/1243)

19/12/2011

(Istanbul 10 th Assize Court- case no. 2011/871)

12078 /12

02/0 2/201 2

Menderes Öner

01//01/1975

Diyarbakır

Tayyip Temel

01/06/1982

Diyarbakır

Nadir Arzu

22/05/1981

Diyarbakır

Ö zcan Kılıç , Azize Deniz Taşdemir

Azadiya Welat

(daily newspaper)

Duration of suspension : fifteen days

12/06/2011

(Istanbul 12 th Assize Court- case no. 2011/709 )

17/10/2011

(Istanbul 12 th Assize Court- case no. 2011/1173 )

12103/12

30/01/2012

Özlem Ö zdemir

01/01/1978

Istanbul

Pervin K aya

22/ 01/1988

Istanbul

Nurcan Ercan

15/ 10/1974

Istanbul

Ferhat Gürgen

28/ 09/1983

Istanbul

Lokman Balık

01/ 01/1981

Istanbul

Leyla AydoÄŸan

04/ 07/1978

Istanbul

Ö zcan Kılıç , Azize Deniz Taşdemir

Yeni Demokratik Ulus

(weekly newspaper)

Duration of suspension : one month

28/12/2011

(Istanbul 13 th Assize Court- case no. 2011/821 )

17/01/2012

(Istanbul 13 th Assize Court- case no. 2012/43 )

14745/12

23/01/12

Özlem Ö zdemir

01/01/1978

Istanbul

Pervin K aya

22/ 01/1988

Istanbul

Nurcan Ercan

15/ 10/1974

Istanbul

Ferhat Gürgen

28/ 09/1983

Istanbul

Lokman Balık

01/ 01/1981

Istanbul

Leyla AydoÄŸan

04/ 07/1978

Istanbul

Ö zcan Kılıç , Azize Deniz Taşdemir

Yeni Demokratik YaÅŸam

(weekly newspaper)

Duration of suspension : one month

18/01/2012

(Istanbul 14 th Assize Court- case no. 2012/35 )

09/02/2012

(Istanbul 14 th Assize Court- case no. 2012/145 )

21910/12

25/03/2012

Arafat Dayan

01/01/1982

Istanbul

Özgür Güllü

01/12/1977

Istanbul

Sinan Balık

01/01/1982

Istanbul

Ferhat Gürgen

28/09/1983

Istanbul

Leyla AydoÄŸan

04/07/1978

Istanbul

Burcu Özkaya

15/08/1988

Istanbul

Nurcan Ercan

15/10/1974

Istanbul

Pervin K aya

22/01/1988

Istanbul

Özcan Kılıç, Azize Deniz Taşdemir

Demokratik Ulus

(weekly newspaper)

Duration of suspension : one month

15/02/2012

(Istanbul 10 th Assize Court- case no. 2012/139 )

28/02/2012

(Istanbul 14 th Assize Court- case no. 2012/180 )

41087/12

02/05/2012

Arafat Dayan

01/01/1982

Istanbul

Özgür Güllü

01/12/1977

Istanbul

Sinan Balık

01/01/1982

Istanbul

Ferhat Gürgen

28/09/1983

Istanbul

Leyla AydoÄŸan

04/07/1978

Istanbul

Burcu Özkaya

15/08/1988

Istanbul

Nurcan Ercan

15/10/1974

Istanbul

Pervin K aya

22/01/1988

Istanbul

Ö zcan Kılıç

Özgür Mezopotamya

(weekly newspapers)

Duration of suspension : one month

15/07/2011

(Istanbul 10 th Assize Court- case no. 2012/208)

30/03/2012

(Istanbul 14 th Assize Court- case no. 2012/253)

[1] . Rectified on 28 April 2015. The name of Menderes Öner read Menderes Özen in the former version of the judgment.

[2] . Rectified on 28 April 2015. The name of Menderes Öner read Menderes Özen in the former version of the judgment .

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CASE OF ATILGAN AND OTHERS v. TURKEY

CASE OF ATILGAN AND OTHERS v. TURKEY

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