CASE OF DZUNDZA AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA
Doc ref: 26285/19, 26496/19, 26648/19, 26688/19, 28605/19, 28993/19, 29154/19, 29410/19, 30273/19, 30353/19, ... • ECHR ID: 001-230630
Document date: February 1, 2024
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SECOND SECTION
CASE OF DZUNDZA AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA
(Applications nos. 26285/19 and 46 others –
see appended list)
JUDGMENT
STRASBOURG
1 February 2024
This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.
In the case of Dzundza and Others v. Russia,
The European Court of Human Rights (Second Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
Lorraine Schembri Orland , President , Frédéric Krenc, Davor DerenÄinović , judges ,
and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 11 January 2024,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
PROCEDURE
1. The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Conventionâ€) on the various dates indicated in the appended table.
2. The Russian Government (“the Governmentâ€) were given notice of the applications.
THE FACTS
3. The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.
4. The applicants complained about their confinement in a metal cage in the courtroom during the criminal proceedings against them. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention.
THE LAW
5. Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.
6. The Court observes that the facts giving rise to the alleged violations of the Convention occurred prior to 16 September 2022, the date on which the Russian Federation ceased to be a party to the Convention. The Court therefore decides that it has jurisdiction to examine the present applications (see Fedotova and Others v. Russia [GC], nos. 40792/10 and 2 others, §§ 68 ‑ 73, 17 January 2023).
7. The applicants complained principally about their confinement in a metal cage in the courtroom during the criminal proceedings against them. They relied on Article 3 of the Convention, which reads as follows:
“No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.â€
Some applicants also complained that they had not had an effective domestic remedy in respect of their grievance under Article 3, contrary to Article 13 of the Convention, which reads as follows:
“Everyone whose rights and freedoms as set forth in [the] Convention are violated shall have an effective remedy before a national authority notwithstanding that the violation has been committed by persons acting in an official capacity.â€
8. The Court notes that the applicants were kept in a metal cage in the courtroom in the context of their trial. In the leading cases of Svinarenko and Slyadnev v. Russia [GC], nos. 32541/08 and 43441/08, ECHR 2014 (extracts) and Vorontsov and Others v. Russia, nos. 59655/14 and 2 others, 31 January 2017, the Court already dealt with the issue of the use of metal cages in courtrooms and found that such a practice constituted in itself an affront to human dignity and amounted to degrading treatment prohibited by Article 3 of the Convention.
9. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the applicants’ confinement in a metal cage before the court during the criminal proceedings against them amounted to degrading treatment.
10. These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention.
11. In view of the above findings under Article 3 of the Convention, the Court considers that there is no need to deal separately with the applicants’ complaints under Article 13 of the Convention (for similar approach see Valyuzhenich v. Russia , no. 10597/13, § 27, 26 March 2019).
12. Some applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see the appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill ‑ founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its well-established case-law (see Sergey Babushkin v. Russia , no. 5993/08, 28 November 2013, concerning inadequate conditions of post-conviction detention and the lack of an effective remedy in that respect; Idalov v. Russia [GC], no. 5826/03, §§ 103-08, 22 May 2012, and Tomov and Others v. Russia , nos. 18255/10 and 5 others, §§ 92-156, 9 April 2019, concerning inadequate conditions of transport and the lack of an effective remedy in that respect; Dirdizov v. Russia , no. 41461/10, §§ 101-11, 27 November 2012, concerning the excessive length of pre-trial detention; Gorlov and Others v. Russia , nos. 27057/06 and 2 others, 2 July 2019, concerning permanent video surveillance of detainees).
13. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Vorontsov and Others, cited above), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,
(a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 1 February 2024, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
Viktoriya Maradudina Lorraine Schembri Orland Acting Deputy Registrar President
APPENDIX
List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention
(use of metal cages and/or other security arrangements in courtrooms)
No.
Application no.
Date of introduction
Applicant’s name
Year of birth
Representative’s name and location
Name of the court
Date of the relevant judgment
Start date
End date
Other complaints under well-established case-law
Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros) [1]
26285/19
06/05/2019
Aleksey Alekseyevich DZUNDZA
1977
Kirovskiy District Court of Krasnoyarsk
27/10/2018
08/11/2018
7,500
26496/19
13/05/2019
Koba Shalvovich SHURGAYA
1972
Krikun Leonid Leonidovich
St Petersburg
Segezha Town Court of the Karelia Republic
In a courtroom
Supreme Court of the Karelia Republic
Video link
13/11/2018
Segezha Town Court of the Karelia Republic
Video link from IK-7, the Karelia Republic
19/08/2020
30/01/2018
19/08/2020
13/11/2018
19/08/2020
7,500
26648/19
06/05/2019
Ivan Anatolyevich RYDANOV
1990
Voroshilovskiy District Court of Volgograd; Volgograd Regional Court
10/04/2019
15/06/2018
10/04/2019
7,500
26688/19
06/05/2019
Sergey Vasilyevich PUPENKO
1990
Prokofyeva Viktoriya Pavlovna
St Petersburg
Nevskiy District Court of St Petersburg
26/03/2019
08/11/2018
26/03/2019
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport;
Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - transport by van on a number of occasions from the detention facility to the courthouse; inadequate temperature, lack of fresh air, overcrowding; from 08/11/2018 to 26/03/2019
8,500
28605/19
14/05/2019
Aleksandr Sergeyevich NESMACHNYKH
1989
Ingodinskiy District Court of Chita
24/12/2018
17/09/2018
24/12/2018
7,500
28993/19
27/05/2019
Andrey Andreyevich POPOV
1996
Urlashov Aleksey Mikhaylovich
St Petersburg
Gatchina Town Court of the Leningrad Region
05/04/2019
10/05/2018
05/04/2019
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport;
Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - transport on numerous occasions from the detention facility to the courthouse from 10/05/2018 to 05/04/2019: less than 3 sq. m of personal space, transfers lasted from 1.5 to 5 hours; no hot meals on the days of the hearings
8,500
29154/19
20/05/2019
Aleksandr Yuryevich BELYAKOV
1964
Urlashov Aleksey Mikhaylovich
St Petersburg
St Petersburg City Court
Video link from SIZO-6,
St Petersburg
28/11/2018
26/11/2018
28/11/2018
7,500
29410/19
23/05/2019
Artem Anatolyevich LOSEV
1990
Urlashov Aleksey Mikhaylovich
St Petersburg
Kuybyshevskiy District Court of St Petersburg; Vyborg Town Court of Leningrad Region, Leningrad Regional Court.
In person at courts and via video link from
SIZO-3, Leningrad Region
11/01/2018
16/01/2016
21/05/2019
7,500
30273/19
27/05/2019
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich BARTENEV
1980
Sysolskiy District Court of the Komi Republic
03/04/2019
07/05/2019
7,500
30353/19
21/05/2019
Maksim Dzhabrailovich NURMAGOMEDOV
1980
Pavlov Anton Sergeyevich
Saint Petersburg
On numerous occasions starting from 30/04/2017 before the courts of St Petersburg
26/02/2019
30/04/2017
26/02/2019
7,500
30658/19
27/05/2019
Ruslan Vladimirovich VORONTSOV
1977
Leninskiy District Court of Krasnoyarsk
Krasnoyarsk Regional Court
02/12/2019
Tsentralnyy District Court of Krasnoyarsk
02/12/2020
21/08/2018
25/02/2019
13/07/2020
21/09/2020
24/08/2020
Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - numerous occasions of transport from the detention facility in Sosnovoborsk to the courthouse, starting from 21/08/2018 and on-going; several hours of transport by van; overcrowding; restricted access to toilet;
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
7,500
31524/19
30/08/2019
Aleksey Mikhaylovich MAMROV
1987
Milkovskiy District Court of Kamchatka Region
from 05/02/2019 to 18/06/2019
05/02/2019
18/06/2019
7,500
31894/19
03/06/2019
Sergey Anatolyevich ZEMTSOV
1974
Petrov Roman Nikolayevich
Cheboksary
Kanavinskiy District Court of Nizhniy Novgorod, Nizhniy Novgorod Regional Court (by way of videoconference from the detention facility)
28/03/2019
04/05/2018
28/03/2019
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of poor conditions of detention and inadequate conditions of transport,
Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - inadequate conditions of transport by prison van on numerous occasions between the detention facility and the courthouse in the period from 04/05/2018 to 04/02/2019; 0.3 sq. m of personal space; lack of fresh air; restricted access to toilet;
Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention after conviction - IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region, detention from 22/04/2019, pending as of 16/09/2022; less than 2 sq. m of personal space; overcrowding, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, no or restricted access to warm water, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of fresh air;
Art. 8 (1) - permanent video surveillance of detainees in pre-trial or post-conviction detention facilities - SIZO-1 Nizhniy Novgorod 19/02/2019-23/02/2019 in cell 15/171, opposite-sex operators
11,000
33728/19
19/06/2019
Maksim Aleksandrovich MORALEV
1980
Semyanovskiy Dmitriy Aleksandrovich
Astrakhan
Trusovskiy District Court of Astrakhan, Astrakhan Regional Court
14/05/2019
30/08/2018
14/05/2019
7,500
34112/19
23/05/2019
Anton Ivanovich SOFRONOV
1989
Pryazhinskiy District Court of the Kareliya Republic
18/11/2018
Pending on the date when the application was lodged with the Court
7,500
34944/19
09/06/2019
Ivan Viktorovich ZHEREBTSOV
1988
Syktyvkar Town Court
11/02/2019
Beginning date unknown
11/02/2019
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic in respect of poor conditions of detention;
Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention after conviction - detention in IK-19 Komi Republic, from 04/01/2019, pending as of 16/09/2022; 2.4 sq. m of personal space; overcrowding, poor quality of food, mouldy or dirty cell, lack of fresh air, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen
16,300
35714/19
27/01/2020
Arkadiy Vladimirovich LESHCHEV
1990
Sergeyeva Yelizaveta Alekseyevna
Tyumen
Nefteyuganskiy District Court of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Region
09/08/2019
21/08/2018
09/08/2019
7,500
35723/19
24/08/2019
Anton Yuryevich CHAKHLOV
1988
Oktyabrskiy District Court of Krasnoyarsk
18/01/2019
22/05/2019
7,500
36528/19
28/06/2019
Ivan Vladimirovich KOROLEV
1982
Petrov Roman Nikolayevich
Cheboksary
Pavlov Posad Town Court of the Moscow Region (metal cages during trial court hearings in person)
Moscow Regional Court (from SIZO -2, Yaroslavl Region)
05/03/2019
20/04/2018
05/03/2019
7,500
36939/19
25/06/2019
Omar Guramovich USOYAN
1990
Fedorkov Andrey Aleksandrovich
St Petersburg
Moscow District Court of St Petersburg
25/12/2018
22/09/2015
25/12/2018
Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - transfers between courthouses and remand prisons in St Petersburg from 22/09/2015 to 18/04/2019; 0.25 sq. m; overcrowding, lack of fresh air
8,500
38505/19
14/07/2019
Olga Viktorovna GORBACHEVA
1980
Kostetskiy Denis Gennadiyevich
Moscow
Oktyabrskiy District Court of Tambov;
Tambov Regional Court;
Video link from SIZO-1, Tambov Region
29/03/2019
18/09/2018
18/02/2019
11/02/2019
29/03/2019
7,500
38820/19
08/07/2019
Akhmed Magomedrasulovich MAGOMEDOV
1990
Krasnoyarsk Region Court
10/01/2019
10/01/2019
10/01/2019
7,500
41684/19
13/07/2019
Dmitriy Vladislavovich SINEV
1991
Petrov Roman Nikolayevich
Cheboksary
Elektrostal Town Court of Moscow Region (hearings in person);
Moscow Regional Court (video link during an appeal hearing from SIZO-1, Ivanovo Region)
19/03/2019
30/06/2017
19/03/2019
7,500
43156/19
31/07/2019
Mikhail Mikhaylovich TERENTYEV
1977
Loskutov Vyacheslav Alekseyevich
Moscow
North-Caucasus Circuit Military Court
31/01/2019
22/11/2018
31/01/2019
7,500
44803/19
05/08/2019
Igor Nikolayevich SIGIDA
1963
Novocherkassk Town Court of the Rostov Region, Rostov Regional Court
02/11/2018
13/02/2019
7,500
44876/19
30/07/2019
Sergey Viktorovich KONNOV
1980
Slavyansk-on-Kuban Town Court of the Krasnodar Region
29/03/2019
28/03/2017
29/03/2019
Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - transport on 03-05/05/2019 and 08-09/05/2019 by train; lack of an individual sleeping place; overcrowding; restricted access to toilet; poor sanitary conditions; restricted access to potable water and food; conditions of transport by van on multiple occasions between 04/04/2017 and 29/03/2019, SIZO-3 Novorossiysk - Slavyansk Town Court - SIZO-1 Krasnodar - IVS Slavyansk-on-Kuban; lack of a place to seat, overcrowding;
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of transport
8,500
45367/19
02/08/2019
Nikita Igorevich CHERNOMORETS
1990
Vakhitovskiy District Court of Kazan
17/04/2019
Supreme Court of the Republic of Tatarstan
29/05/2019
17/04/2019
29/05/2019
17/04/2019
29/05/2019
Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - from 04/04/2018 to 05/10/2021 from SIZO-1 Republic of Tatarstan to the Sovetskiy District Court of Kazan in vans (59 transfers; return trip: 5 to 6 hours) and detention in holding cells: overcrowding, no or restricted access to toilet, no food provided on the dates of the court hearings;
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
8,500
45955/19
25/07/2019
Andrey Andreyevich ZAMOTAYEV
1996
Krasnoyarsk Regional Court
29/01/2019
07/02/2019
7,500
46996/19
25/08/2019
Maksim Nikolayevich ZAGORULYA
1981
Gerasimov Valeriy Vladimirovich
Minkino
Cherepovets Town Court, Vologda Regional Court;
Video link from an unidentified facility
27/02/2019
12/08/2017
27/02/2019
7,500
47605/19
27/08/2019
Nikolay Sergeyevich POKHORUKOV
1985
Petrov Roman Nikolayevich
Cheboksary
Istra Town Court of the Moscow Region;
Moscow Regional Court
Video link from SIZO-1, Ivanovo Region
04/04/2019
17/08/2018
04/04/2019
7,500
47622/19
04/08/2019
Aleksandr Vladimirovich SILANTYEV
1985
Kirovskiy District Court of Krasnoyarsk, Tsentralnyy District Court of Krasnoyarsk
30/08/2018
06/02/2019
7,500
47913/19
05/08/2019
Dun CHEN
1985
Murashkin Igor Gennadyevich
St Petersburg
Saint-Petersburg City Court; Video link from SIZO-1 in St Petersburg and Leningrad Region
08/04/2019
08/04/2019
08/04/2019
7,500
48265/19
26/08/2019
Yevgeniy Aleksandrovich ANIKIYENKO
1980
Pushkinskiy Town Court of St Petersburg and St Petersburg City Court,
on numerous occasions during court hearings
20/01/2017
21/03/2019
Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - transport by van on numerous occasions from the detention facility to the court houses to take part in the hearings from 20/01/2017 to 21/03/2019; overcrowding; 2-4 hours of transport; restricted access to toilet; no lighting; and poor conditions of transport between SIZO-1 of St Petersburg and IK-2 Zabaykalskiy Region during 20/04/2019-21/06/2019;
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of poor conditions of transport
8,500
48294/19
02/09/2019
Aleksey Gennadyevich KEYS
1980
Yezhov Yevgeniy Sergeyevich
Velikiy Novgorod
Novgorodskiy District Court of Novgorod Region, numerous occasions
13/06/2019
16/12/2018
13/06/2019
7,500
48920/19
09/08/2019
Rafail Failovich GALIKEYEV
1982
Stasyuk Olga Andreyevna
St Petersburg
Petrozavodsk Town Court of the Karelia Republic, Supreme Court of Karelia (videoconference)
13/02/2019
26/10/2017
13/02/2019
Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - transport by van and train on 26/03/2019; overcrowding, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to potable water;
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
8,500
49568/19
07/09/2019
Ryskeldi Abdygaparovich ABDYGAPAROV
1992
Kondratyuk Yegor Ivanovich
Moscow
Kuzminskiy District Court of Moscow
25/02/2019
14/08/2019
7,500
49980/19
09/09/2019
Magomedsalakh Balavdiyevich ALBEKOV
1962
Isayev Ayndi Khamzatovich
Krasnoyarsk
Tsentralnyy District Court of Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk Regional Court
30/09/2019
15/03/2018
30/09/2019
7,500
50383/19
07/09/2019
Nikita Sergeyevich NIKONOV
1986
Urlashov Aleksey Mikhaylovich
St Petersburg
Nevskiy District Court of St Petersburg
15/04/2019
01/11/2018
15/04/2019
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport;
Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - numerous occasions of transport from the detention facility to the courthouse; between 18/11/2015 and 05/06/2019; 0.3 sq. m, lack of fresh air, overcrowding, lack of hot meal during the day, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, inadequate temperature, mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to toilet
8,500
50544/19
13/09/2019
Marat Aukhatovich TULYAKOV
1979
Privolzhskiy Circuit Military Court
13/03/2019
03/10/2018
13/03/2019
Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - transport by a van to the courthouse on numerous occasions in the period between 03/10/2018 to 13/03/2019; lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, overcrowding, passive smoking, no or restricted access to toilet, lack or inadequate furniture;
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
8,500
53801/19
18/01/2020
Tikhon Aleksandrovich KOSTIN
1987
Dvizov Aleksey Vladimirovich
Nyagan
Altai Regional Court
Video link from SIZO, Biysk Altai Region
01/08/2019
01/08/2019
01/08/2019
7,500
54101/19
04/10/2019
Anton Sergeyevich STETSENKO
1979
Markin Maksim Aleksandrovich
St Petersburg
Detention in a metal cage during the trial hearings at the Sergiyev Posad Town Court
17/04/2019
01/03/2019
17/04/2019
Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - transport between the remand prison and the domestic courts on several occasions from 01/03/2019 to 17/04/2019 (overcrowding, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient electric light, inadequate temperature, passive smoking, lack of privacy for toilet, lack or insufficient quantity of food, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to potable water). Transport by train from 15/06/2019 to 16/06/2019 (overcrowding, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, mouldy or dirty cell, lack of fresh air, passive smoking, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to toilet)
8,500
54289/19
09/10/2019
Aydan Aleksandrovich BAZYR-SADY
1989
Pleshkov Maksim Alekseyevich
Moscow
Ulug-Khemskiy District Court of the Republic of Tyva
09/04/2019
09/04/2019
09/04/2019
7,500
54593/19
09/10/2019
Sergey Vitalyevich KATAYEV
1978
Pleshkov Maksim Alekseyevich
Moscow
Kyzyl Town Court; Supreme Court of the Republic of Tyva
03/06/2019
18/01/2018
03/06/2019
7,500
58119/19
16/10/2019
Arsen Anatolyevich YERIZHOKOV
1980
Khorikov Andrey Vladimirovich
St Petersburg
Primorskiy District Court of St Petersburg and the Petrogradskiy District Court of St Petersburg, detention and trial hearings,
and the appellate hearings concerning the applicant’s detention held at the St Petersburg City Court through videoconference
14/10/2019
10/09/2018
14/10/2019
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport;
Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - van on multiple occasions from 24/08/2018 to 14/10/2019 (overcrowding, 0.3-0.4 sq.m. per inmate, lack of fresh air, lack of heating, lack of safety belts, handcuffing during transport)
8,500
58293/19
25/10/2019
Valeriy Valeryevich MOROZOV
1977
Avanesyan Aleksey Viktorovich
Yekaterinburg
Pervomayskiy District Court of the Krasnodar Region, Oktyabrskiy District Court of the Krasnodar Region, Krasnodar Regional Court
06/04/2019
21/10/2019
Art. 5 (3) - excessive length of pre-trial detention - from 04/04/2019 to 19/06/2020, 1 year(s) and 2 month(s) and 16 day(s);
specific defects: use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice;
failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding;
failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint;
8,500
59391/19
06/11/2019
Konstantin Gennadyevich ANTONKIN
1969
Voronkina Anna Aleksandrovna
Kemerovo
Tsentralnyy District Court of Kemerovo
01/08/2018
Proceedings pending on the date when the application was lodged with the Court
7,500
60716/19
15/11/2019
Artem Aleksandrovich CHURINOV
1983
Semyanovskiy Dmitriy Aleksandrovich
Astrakhan
Astrakhan Regional Court (by way of videoconference from SIZO-1 Astrakhan Region)
11/07/2019
11/07/2019
11/07/2019
7,500
[1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.