CASE OF MOROZOV AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA
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Document date: February 15, 2024
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FOURTH SECTION
CASE OF MOROZOV AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA
(Applications nos. 37564/19 and 47 others –
see appended list)
JUDGMENT
STRASBOURG
15 February 2024
This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.
In the case of Morozov and Others v. Russia,
The European Court of Human Rights (Fourth Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
Branko Lubarda , President , Armen Harutyunyan, Ana Maria Guerra Martins , judges ,
and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 25 January 2024,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
PROCEDURE
1. The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Conventionâ€) on the various dates indicated in the appended table.
2. The Russian Government (“the Governmentâ€) were given notice of the applications.
THE FACTS
3. The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.
4. The applicants complained of the inadequate conditions of detention during their transport. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention.
THE LAW
5. Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.
6. The Court observes that the facts giving rise to the alleged violations of the Convention occurred prior to 16 September 2022, the date on which the Russian Federation ceased to be a party to the Convention. The Court therefore decides that it has jurisdiction to examine the present applications (see Fedotova and Others v. Russia [GC], nos. 40792/10 and 2 others, §§ 68 ‑ 73, 17 January 2023).
7. The applicants complained principally of the inadequate conditions of detention during their transport. They relied on Article 3 of the Convention.
8. The Court notes that the applicants were detained in poor conditions during transport. The details of the applicants’ detention are indicated in the appended table. The Court refers to the principles established in its case‑law regarding cramped and defective conditions during the transit of prisoners (see Tomov and Others v. Russia , nos. 18255/10 and 5 others, §§ 124-27, 9 April 2019). It reiterates, in particular, that a strong presumption of a violation arises when detainees are transported in conveyances offering less than 0.5 square metres of space per person, regardless of whether such cramped conditions result from an excessive number of detainees being transported together or from the restrictive design of compartments (ibid., § 125). As regards longer journeys, factors such as a failure to arrange an individual sleeping place for each detainee or to secure an adequate supply of drinking water and food or access to the toilet seriously aggravate the situation of prisoners during transfers and are indicative of a violation of Article 3 (ibid., § 127).
9. In the leading case of Tomov and Others (cited above), the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case.
10. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the applicants’ conditions of detention during their transport were inadequate.
11. These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention.
12. Some applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its well ‑ established case-law (see Blokhin v. Russia [GC], no. 47152/06, §§ 120 ‑ 50, 23 March 2016, concerning lack of medical assistance in detention; Svinarenko and Slyadnev v. Russia [GC], nos. 32541/08 and 43441/08, §§ 122-39, ECHR 2014 (extracts), as regards detention in a metal cage during court hearings; Tomov and Others , cited above, §§ 114-56, concerning absence of an effective remedy to complain about poor transport conditions; Gorlov and Others v. Russia , nos. 27057/06 and 2 others, 2 July 2019, concerning permanent video surveillance of detainees).
13. In view of the above findings, the Court considers that there is no need to deal separately with the complaint lodged by some applicants under Article 13 of the Convention in respect of their placement in a metal cage in the courtroom (compare Valyuzhenich v. Russia , no. 10597/13, § 27, 26 March 2019).
14. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Pukhachev and Zaretskiy v. Russia, nos. 17494/16 and 29203/16, 16 November 2017), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,
(a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default during the default period plus three percentage points.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 15 February 2024, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
Viktoriya Maradudina Branko Lubarda Acting Deputy Registrar President
APPENDIX
List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention
(inadequate conditions of detention during transport)
No.
Application no.
Date of introduction
Applicant’s name
Year of birth
Representative’s name and location
Means of transport
Start and end date
Sq. m per inmate
Specific grievances
Other complaints under well ‑ established case ‑ law
Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant
(in euros) [1]
37564/19
02/07/2019
Artem Aleksandrovich MOROZOV
1982
van, numerous occasions of transport from the detention facility to the courthouse (roundtrip)
16/09/2017 to
15/04/2019
0.3 m²
overcrowding, lack of fresh air, passive smoking, lack or insufficient quantity of food, no ventilation, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient electric light, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to shower
1,000
37675/19
21/06/2019
Ramil Zinatdinovich RIZVANOV
1980
train, transit cell, van
09/04/2019 to
08/05/2019
lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to shower, overcrowding, poor quality of food, insufficient number of sleeping places
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
37699/19
20/07/2019
Petr Petrovich KOSTELETSKIY
1957
van
29/05/2019 to
05/06/2019
no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to potable water, lack or insufficient quantity of food, lack of fresh air, overcrowding
1,000
37877/19
02/07/2019
Aleksey Vasilyevich LITVINOV
1978
train, transit cell, van
21/12/2018 to
04/02/2019
0.3 m²
overcrowding, inadequate temperature, passive smoking, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to warm water
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
37961/19
27/06/2019
Sergey Yuryevich POZDNYAKOV
1980
train, van
14/06/2019 to
15/06/2019
overcrowding, no or restricted access to toilet, insufficient number of sleeping places
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
37971/19
27/06/2019
Albert Aleksandrovich CHERNOV
1982
van, train
15/06/2019 to
15/06/2019
van, train
13/07/2019 to
14/07/2019
overcrowding, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to potable water
lack of fresh air, insufficient number of sleeping places, overcrowding, no or restricted access to toilet
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
38026/19
04/07/2019
Aleksandr Viktorovich LESHCHINSKIY
1984
train, van
02/06/2019 to
13/06/2019
<0.4 m²
insufficient number of sleeping places, overcrowding, no or restricted access to toilet, lack of fresh air, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
39192/19
08/07/2019
Nikolay Vasilyevich SIDOROV
1957
train, van, transit cell
29/12/2018 to
29/01/2019
no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to potable water, passive smoking, overcrowding, lack of fresh air, insufficient number of sleeping places
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
39513/19
24/10/2019
Aleksey Valentinovich PRYAKHIN
1991
train, transit cell, van
02/09/2019 to
12/09/2019
overcrowding, insufficient number of sleeping places, no or restricted access to toilet, lack or insufficient quantity of food
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
40006/19
18/09/2019
Vladimir Vladimirovich BALABANOV
1969
train
23/05/2019 to
24/05/2019
van
19/06/2019 to
19/06/2019
0.2 m
<0.5 m²
overcrowding, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to toilet, lack of privacy for toilet, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack or insufficient quantity of food, lack of ventilation
see above
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
40060/19
16/07/2019
Nikolay Nikolayevich KRYUCHKOV
1983
van, train, numerous occasions of transport between the detention facilities to take part in investigative actions and court hearings
01/04/2017 -
ongoing on the date when the application was lodged
lack of fresh air, insufficient number of sleeping places, constant electric light, no or restricted access to toilet, overcrowding
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
40725/19
19/07/2019
Zelimkhan Khalidovich DUDAYEV
1979
train, transit cell, van
26/03/2019 to
16/04/2019
0.5 m²
overcrowding, lack of privacy for toilet, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to warm water, numerous occasions of transport, inadequate temperature, lack of fresh air
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
40818/19
04/07/2019
Sergey Aleksandrovich DANILOGORSKIY
1976
IVS Pechora – SIZO-3 Vorkuta, van, train
02/06/2019 to
03/06/2019
<1 m²
overcrowding, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient electric light
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
40909/19
05/07/2019
Said Aladdinovich ASADULLAYEV
1980
numerous occasions of transport, train, van
15/09/2016 to
15/06/2019
overcrowding, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient electric light, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to toilet
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
40912/19
09/07/2019
Musa Gasangulu ogly GANBAROV
1993
numerous occasions of transport, van, train
13/04/2018 to
15/06/2019
overcrowding, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to toilet
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
40918/19
03/07/2019
Andrey Shaukyatovich KHAYBULLOV
1985
numerous occasions of transport, train
18/03/2019 to
25/06/2019
overcrowding, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to toilet, passive smoking
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
41555/19
19/07/2019
Taus Kyurayevich AKHTAKHANOV
1979
train, transit cell, van, (several trips)
26/03/2019 to
16/04/2019
inadequate temperature, lack of fresh air, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to potable water, overcrowding, lack of privacy for toilet
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
41854/19
02/03/2020
Artem Yakovlevich ALEYEV
1982
transit cell, van
30/03/2019 to
04/09/2019
lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, passive smoking, no or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to toilet
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport;
Art. 8 (1) - permanent video surveillance of detainees in post-conviction detention facilities – IK ‑ 42 Krasnoyarsk Region, 09/02/2020 - 18/02/2021, opposite-sex operators
1,000
42522/19
19/07/2019
Umar Amadiyevich BAYSIYEV
1975
transit cell, van, train
26/03/2019 to
16/04/2019
overcrowding, passive smoking, lack of fresh air, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, no or restricted access to toilet, inadequate temperature, lack of or insufficient electric light
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
42733/19
24/07/2019
Denis Gennadyevich GRIGORYEV
1985
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Kiryanov
Taganrog
train, van, transit cell
21/01/2019 to
02/02/2019
lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, no or restricted access to toilet, overcrowding, insufficient number of sleeping places
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
42736/19
13/08/2019
Nikita Mikhaylovich SURZHIKOV
1990
train, transit cell
24/12/2018 to
14/02/2019
insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to toilet, overcrowding, poor quality of food
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
42809/19
29/07/2019
Irina Anatolyevna MEDKO
1983
Svetlana Anatolyevna Toreyeva
Moscow
van, transit cell
22/01/2019 to
29/01/2019
0.3 m²
inadequate temperature, lack of or insufficient natural light, mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to toilet
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
44576/19
30/07/2019
Andrey Alekseyevich MEDOVIKOV
1989
train
15/03/2019 to
27/04/2019
0.3 m²
lack of fresh air, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, no or restricted access to toilet, overcrowding, passive smoking
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
44648/19
22/07/2019
Sergey Borisovich ASAFOV
1979
train, van
13/02/2019 to
13/03/2019
train, van
21/02/2019 to
22/02/2019
<1 m²
<2 m²
insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, passive smoking
lack of privacy for toilet, passive smoking, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
44717/19
14/10/2019
Vladimir Yuryevich KARNAUKH
1976
van
21/07/2019 to
21/07/2019
0.3 m²
overcrowding, lack of fresh air, inadequate temperature, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to potable water, lack of ventilation
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
44841/19
25/07/2019
Aleksey Viktorovich FROLOV
1986
train
09/05/2019 to
11/05/2019
0.3 m²
no or restricted access to toilet, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of ventilation, inadequate temperature, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen
1,000
44859/19
17/07/2019
Eduard Rudolfovich PETSYUKH
1988
van, multiple transfers in single-occupancy compartments in prison vans
23/11/2018 to
15/04/2019
0.2 m²
inadequate temperature, numerous occasions of transport, overcrowding
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
45079/19
08/08/2019
Aleksey Vasilyevich PILYUGIN
1984
train, van
22/12/2018 to
12/02/2019
no or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to toilet, overcrowding, passive smoking, lack of fresh air, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of or insufficient natural light
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
45146/19
04/07/2019
Dmitriy Gennadyevich SOLOVYEV
1979
van, train
09/11/2018 to
29/03/2019
0.37 m²
no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to toilet, insufficient number of sleeping places
1,000
45192/19
24/07/2019
Yuriy Vladimirovich ALESHIN
1996
train
23/04/2019 to
24/04/2019
0.3 m²
overcrowding, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient electric light, no or restricted access to toilet, insufficient number of sleeping places, passive smoking, no ventilation
1,000
45338/19
24/07/2019
Vitaliy Nikolayevich AVDOSHKIN
1987
train
21/02/2019 to
22/02/2019
<3 m²
overcrowding, passive smoking, inadequate temperature, no or restricted access to toilet
1,000
45449/19
09/01/2020
Ilya Vladimirovich MILCHAKOV
1982
van, transit cell
09/07/2019 to
09/07/2019
no or restricted access to toilet, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to potable water, lack of or insufficient electric light
1,000
45495/19
09/08/2019
Denis Vladimirovich GEYETS
1985
train
13/03/2019 to
07/04/2019
0.3 m²
inadequate temperature, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack or insufficient quantity of food, no or restricted access to toilet, overcrowding, passive smoking, no ventilation
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
45925/19
22/07/2019
Aleksandr Mikhaylovich GUSEV
1963
train, transit cell, van
28/12/2018 to
29/01/2019
overcrowding, lack of fresh air, inadequate temperature, no or restricted access to toilet
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
46032/19
30/07/2019
Viktor Aleksandrovich MAMONOV
1986
van, train
22/05/2019 to
27/06/2019
0.4 m²
no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to potable water, lack of privacy for toilet, insufficient number of sleeping places
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
46042/19
22/07/2019
Anatoliy Anatolyevich AFANASYEV
1984
train, van
24/01/2019 to
25/01/2019
0.4 m²
overcrowding, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of or insufficient natural light
1,000
46057/19
01/08/2019
Pavel Vladimirovich KLOCHIKHIN
1986
train
14/05/2019 to
08/06/2019
overcrowding, insufficient number of sleeping places, no or restricted access to toilet
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
46129/19
14/11/2019
Vladimir Viktorovich ILYIN
1963
numerous occasions of transport by train, van
19/07/2019 to
16/09/2019
van, train
13/03/2020 to
05/04/2020
van, train
14/08/2020 to
04/09/2020
van, train
25/05/2021 to
30/08/2021
0.4-0.5 m²
0.44 m²
0.4 m²
lack of fresh air, inadequate temperature, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient natural light, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to toilet
overcrowding, insufficient number of sleeping places, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to potable water, lack or insufficient quantity of food
inadequate temperature, overcrowding, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, no or restricted access to toilet, passive smoking, lack of fresh air, the transfer by van lasted 1 hour, the transfer by train lasted 9 hours
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport;
Art. 3 - inadequate medical treatment in detention - lack of/delay in consultation by a specialist, lack of/delay in medical examination, lacking/delayed drug therapy, lack of practical treatment, refusal of dental prosthetic service free of charge; serious pain, caries, and gum disease.
8,500
46215/19
02/08/2019
Ruslan Georgiyevich ARUTYUNYAN
1978
van, train
16/02/2019 to
17/02/2019
overcrowding, no or restricted access to toilet, passive smoking
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
46220/19
21/08/2019
Aleksey Vyacheslavovich AVDONIN
1986
train, van
15/07/2019 to
17/07/2019
insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack or insufficient quantity of food, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to toilet, overcrowding, passive smoking, poor quality of food
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
46326/19
09/08/2019
Igor Nikolayevich CHEBOTARU
1970
train, van
12/02/2019 to
13/02/2019
insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient electric light, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to toilet
1,000
46500/19
13/11/2019
Mikhail Nikolayevich CHERTOV
1983
van
11/04/2018 to
29/05/2019
<0.4 m²
overcrowding, lack of fresh air, inadequate temperature, no or restricted access to toilet
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
46556/19
08/08/2019
Yevgeniy Alekseyevich POPELYSHKO
1994
van, train
25/04/2019 to
26/04/2019
0.3 m²
insufficient number of sleeping places, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to toilet
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
Art. 3 - use of metal cages and/or other security arrangements in courtrooms - metal cage in the district court used during the entire proceedings: hearings on 04/12/2020, 24/12/2020, 14/01/2021, 03/02/2021, 15/02/2021 and 04/03/2021
8,500
46587/19
10/08/2019
Igor Petrovich GANUS
1965
train, cells in remand prison
23/01/2019 to
13/02/2019
0.2 m²
overcrowding, insufficient number of sleeping places, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to potable water, poor quality of food
1,000
46647/19
20/08/2019
Yuriy Yuryevich KAZARYAN
1969
van, train
03/06/2019 to
04/06/2019
train, van
27/06/2019 to
27/06/2019
0.5 m²
0.5 m²
overcrowding, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to toilet
overcrowding, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of fresh air, passive smoking, no or restricted access to toilet
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
46811/19
01/08/2019
Sergey Nikolayevich RAZUMNYY
1982
van, train, round-trip on the beginning and end date of the indicated period
09/04/2019 to
25/05/2019
0.4 m²
lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, no ventilation, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to running water, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack or insufficient quantity of food, overcrowding, passive smoking
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
46844/19
16/08/2019
Nikita Andreyevich KARAVAYEV
1996
train, numerous occasions of transport between the detention facilities in the indicated period
17/12/2018 to
29/03/2019
0.3 m²
overcrowding, passive smoking, insufficient number of sleeping places, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack or insufficient quantity of food, no or restricted access to toilet, inadequate temperature
1,000
46853/19
09/08/2019
Valeriy Yevdokimovich KORNEV
1969
train, van
13/02/2019 to
20/03/2019
insufficient number of sleeping places, no or restricted access to toilet
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport
1,000
[1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.