THIRD SECTION

CASE OF PANTELEYEV AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA

(Applications nos. 64960/19 and 19 others –

see appended list)

JUDGMENT

STRASBOURG

6 April 2023

This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.

In the case of Panteleyev and Others v. Russia,

The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:

Peeter Roosma , President , Ioannis Ktistakis, Andreas Zünd , judges ,

and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar,

Having deliberated in private on 16 March 2023,

Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:

PROCEDURE

1. The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table.

2. The applicants were represented by Memorial Human Rights Centre, a non-governmental organisation which had practiced in Moscow.

3. The Russian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications.

THE FACTS

4. The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.

5. The applicants complained of the disproportionate measures taken against them as participants of a public assembly, namely as participants in manifestations for fair elections to the Moscow City Parliament in August 2019 in Moscow. They also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention.

THE LAW

6. Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.

7. The applicants complained principally of disproportionate measures taken against them as participants of the public assembly, in particular about the dispersal of the assembly, as well as their arrest followed by their conviction for administrative offences. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article 11 of the Convention.

8. The Court refers to the principles established in its case-law regarding freedom of assembly (see Kudrevičius and Others v. Lithuania [GC], no. 37553/05, ECHR 2015, with further references) and proportionality of interference with it (see Oya Ataman v. Turkey , no. 74552/01, ECHR 2006 ‑ XIV, and Hyde Park and Others v. Moldova , no. 33482/06, 31 March 2009).

9. In the leading cases of Frumkin v. Russia, no. 74568/12, ECHR 2016 (extracts), Navalnyy and Yashin v. Russia, no. 76204/11, 4 December 2014 and Kasparov and Others v. Russia, no. 21613/07, 3 October 2013, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case.

10. Having examined all the material submitted to it and having taken into account the issue of compliance with the six-month time-limit under Article 35 § 1 of the Convention (see Saakashvili v. Georgia (dec.), nos. 6232/20 and 22394/20, §§ 46-59, 1 March 2022, in which the Court addressed the COVID-related extension of the period in question), the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion as to the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the interferences with the applicants’ freedom of assembly were not “necessary in a democratic society”.

11. These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 11 of the Convention.

12. The applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible.

13. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its findings in its well-established case-law (see Butkevich v. Russia , no. 5865/07, §§ 63-65, 13 February 2018, Tsvetkova and Others v. Russia , nos. 54381/08 and 5 others, §§ 121-23, 10 April 2018, Kalyapin v. Russia , no. 6095/09, § 76, 23 July 2019, and Korneyeva v. Russia , no. 72051/17, §§ 34-36, 8 October 2019, concerning various aspects of unlawful deprivation of liberty of the organisers or participants of public events; Karelin v. Russia , no. 926/08, 20 September 2016, related to examination of criminal cases in the absence of a prosecuting party in the judicial proceedings governed by the Federal Code of Administrative Offences (CAO)).

14. Having regard to its findings above, the Court does not consider it necessary to examine separately the remaining complaints raised by some of the applicants under Article 6 of the Convention about the fairness of the administrative-offence proceedings in their cases.

15. Article 41 of the Convention provides:

“If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”

16. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see Navalnyy and Others v. Russia [Committee], nos. 25809/17 and 14 others, 4 October 2022), the Court finds it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table.

FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,

(a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;

(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.

Done in English, and notified in writing on 6 April 2023, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.

Viktoriya Maradudina Peeter Roosma

Acting Deputy Registrar President

APPENDIX

List of applications raising complaints under Article 11 of the Convention

(disproportionate measures against organisers and participants of public assemblies)

No.

Application no.

Date of introduction

Applicant’s name

Year of birth

Date of the public event

Administrative charges

Penalty

Final decision

Moscow City Court

Date

Other complaints under well-established case-law

Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros) [1]

64960/19

18/12/2019

Vladislav Sergeyevich PANTELEYEV

1994

10/08/2019

Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO

fine of

RUB 17,000

30/09/2019

Art. 5 (1) – unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without “exceptional circumstances”, from 6.25 p.m. on 10/08/2019 to 01.00 a.m. on 11/08/2019;

Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings – final decision: Moscow City Court, 30/09/2019.

4,000

65113/19

18/12/2019

Alisher Firdovsiyevich RZAYEV

1998

10/08/2019

Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO

20-hour community work

24/09/2019

Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without “exceptional circumstances”, from 6.30 p.m. to 10.20 p.m. on 10/08/2019;

Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings – final decision: Moscow City Court, 24/09/2019.

4,000

65213/19

18/12/2019

Pavel Petrovich NEVEROV

1974

03/08/2019

Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO

fine of

RUB 10,000

10/09/2019

Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without “exceptional circumstances”, from 4.40 p.m. on 03/08/2019 to 01.00 a.m. on 04/08/2019; absence of escorting and of administrative detention reports;

Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings – final decision: Moscow City Court, 10/09/2019.

4,000

65295/19

18/12/2019

Vasiliy Sergeyevich POPOV

1994

10/08/2019

Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO

fine of

RUB 15,000

04/10/2019

Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without “exceptional circumstances”, from 6.20 p.m. to 11.30 p.m. on 10/08/2019; absence of escorting and of administrative detention reports;

Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings – final decision: Moscow City Court, 04/10/2019.

4,000

201/20

18/12/2019

Aleksey Vladimirovich ANOSHKO

1984

10/08/2019

Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO

fine of

RUB 15,000

14/10/2019

Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without “exceptional circumstances”, from 5.35 p.m. to 11.30 p.m. on 10/08/2019;

Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings – final decision: Moscow City Court, 14/10/2019.

4,000

1779/20

08/01/2020

Vyacheslav Yevgenyevich KALACHEV

1993

10/08/2019

Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO

fine of

RUB 10,000

30/09/2019

Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without “exceptional circumstances”, from 6.00 p.m. to 11.00 p.m. on 10/08/2019, while the record of administrative offence was drawn up only on 13/08/2019;

Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings – final decision: Moscow City Court, 30/09/2019.

4,000

1905/20

27/12/2019

Aleksandr Nikolayevich PROSHIN

1994

03/08/2019

Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO

fine of

RUB 10,000

10/09/2019

Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without “exceptional circumstances”, from 4.35 p.m. to 11.40 p.m. on 03/08/2019;

Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings – final decision: Moscow City Court, 10/09/2019.

4,000

6721/20

23/01/2020

Mark Sergeyevich KNYAZEV

1999

10/08/2019

Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO

fine of

RUB 15,000

28/10/2019

Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; from 5.50 p.m. to 8.40 p.m. on 10/08/2019;

Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings – final decision: Moscow City Court, 28/10/2019.

4,000

7700/20

23/01/2020

Aleksey Sergeyevich SOKOLOV

1998

03/08/3019

Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO

fine of

RUB 10,000

18/10/2019

Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without “exceptional circumstances”, from 4.20 p.m. on 03/08/2019 to 01.00 a.m. on 04/08/2019;

Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings – final decision: Moscow City Court, 18/10/2019.

4,000

8464/20

03/02/2020

Maksim Anatolyevich ROMANOV

1998

10/08/2019

Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO

fine of

RUB 15,000

30/09/2019

Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without “exceptional circumstances”, from 6.10 p.m. on 10/08/2019 to 00.30 a.m. on 11/08/2019, while the administrative offence record was drawn up only on 14/08/2019;

Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings – final decision: Moscow City Court, 30/09/2019.

4,000

11083/20

07/02/2020

Maksim Olegovich OBYDOV

1994

10/08/2019

Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO

fine of

RUB 15.000

28/10/2019

Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without “exceptional circumstances”, from 5.55 p.m. to 9.40 p.m. on 10/08/2019;

Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings – final decision: Moscow City Court, 28/10/2019.

4,000

11972/20

20/02/2020

Konstantin Mikhaylovich PERCHENOK

2000

10/08/2019

Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO

fine of

RUB 10,000

16/09/2019

Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without “exceptional circumstances”, from 7.50 p.m. on 10/08/2019 to 04.00 a.m. on 11/08/2019;

Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings – final decision: Moscow City Court, 16/09/2019.

4,000

12189/20

27/02/2020

Andrey Alekseyevich IVANOV

1991

10/08/2019

Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO

fine of

RUB 15,000

30/10/2019

Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without “exceptional circumstances”, from 5.50 p.m. to 9.30 p.m. on 10/08/2019;

Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings – final decision: Moscow City Court, 30/10/2019.

4,000

13346/20

03/03/2020

Aleksandr Sergeyevich SIDOROV

1997

10/08/2019

Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO

fine of

RUB 15,000

04/09/2019

Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without “exceptional circumstances”, from 6.20 p.m. to 11.30 p.m. on 10/08/2019; the applicant remained more than 3 hours in the police van before having been brought to the police station;

Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings – final decision: Moscow City Court, 04/09/2019.

4,000

18010/20

23/03/2020

Aleksey Vladimirovich NAUMENKO

1983

10/08/2019

Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO

fine of

RUB 10,000

14/10/2019

Art. 5 (1) - escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without “exceptional circumstances”, from 5.20 p.m. on 10/08/2019 to 00.30 a.m.

on 11/08/2019;

Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings – final decision: Moscow City Court, 14/10/2019.

4,000

18237/20

19/03/2020

Roman Konstantinovich ZAPOLSKIY

1993

10/08/2019

Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO

fine of

RUB 15,000

04/10/2019

Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without “exceptional circumstances”, from 6.15 p.m. to 10.10 p.m. on 10/08/2019;

Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings – final decision: Moscow City Court, 04/10/2019.

4,000

24884/20

22/06/2020

Aleksandr Mikhaylovich FEDORININ

1988

03/08/2019

Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO

fine of

RUB 15,000

30/09/2019

Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without “exceptional circumstances”, from 03.30 p.m. on 03/08/2019 to 02.00 a.m. on 04/08/2019; the applicant remained about 2.30 hours in the police van before having been brought to the police station;

Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings – final decision: Moscow City Court, 30/09/2019.

4,000

27640/20

29/06/2020

Nikita Olegovich KOLOSOV

1995

03/08/2019

Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO

fine of

RUB 10,000

06/11/2019

Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without “exceptional circumstances”, from 05.30 p.m. on 03/08/2019 to 03.30 a.m. on 04/08/2019; the applicant remained detained even after the record of administrative offence had been drawn up;

Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings – final decision: Moscow City Court, 06/11/2019.

4,000

27641/20

25/06/2020

Pavel Vladimirovich SMIRNOV

1996

03/08/2019

Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO

fine of

RUB 10,000

28/10/2019

Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without “exceptional circumstances”, from 3.00 p.m. to 9.00 p.m. on 03/08/2019, while the record of administrative offence had been drawn up only on 05/08/2019;

Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings – final decision: Moscow City Court, 28/10/2019.

4,000

27642/20

25/06/2020

Andrey Igorevich TRIFONOV

1992

03/08/2019

Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO

fine of

RUB 15,000

30/10/2019

Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without “exceptional circumstances”, from 3.30 p.m. to 11.20 p.m. on 03/08/2019;

Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings – final decision: Moscow City Court, 30/10/2019.

4,000

[1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.