HERTEL v. SWITZERLANDDISSENTING OPINION OF MM S. TRECHSEL, G. JÖRUNDSSON,
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Document date: April 9, 1997
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DISSENTING OPINION OF MM S. TRECHSEL, G. JÖRUNDSSON,
A. GÖZÜBÜYÜK, D. SVÁBY AND E. BIELIUNAS
We agree with the majority that the interference with the
applicant's rights under Article 10 para. 1 of the Convention was
"prescribed by law" and aimed at "the protection of the reputation
(and) rights of others" within the meaning of Article 10 para. 2 of the
Convention.
However, we disagree as to the finding that the measure was not
"necessary in a democratic society".
We consider, first, that the applicant was only prevented from
publishing his views on the dangers associated with eating food thawed
or heated in a microwave oven in publications aimed at the public at
large. There was also no obstacle for him to continue his research,
and he was free to publish his views and the result of his research in
publications addressed to scientifically educated readers.
Second, the applicant had presented certain theories as being the
result of serious scientific research while, in fact, they were highly
contested. In this respect the national courts relied on the fact that
Professor B. had disclaimed his support of the earlier research in
which he had participated and Professor T. had declared that the
applicant's views could not seriously be upheld.
Third, we note that the national courts attached considerable
weight to the manner in which the applicant had presented his views.
His language had been highly emotionalised, in particular the
association between microwave ovens and a Nazi extermination camp was
considered as being exceedingly polemic and creating anxieties which
were in no way scientifically justified as the applicant alleged. The
use of a reaper as a symbol was considered equally unacceptable.
On the whole, the Swiss courts carefully weighed the competing
interests at stake. We also consider that the exercise of the rights
guaranteed under Article 10 "carries with it duties and
responsibilities". In this respect, it does not appear unreasonable
to impose some restraint on publications alarming consumers in
connection with the use of very popular appliances. Taking these
considerations into account, we do not find that the national
authorities exceeded their margin of appreciation when they imposed the
restrictions at issue upon the applicant, particularly as that margin
of appreciation is relatively wide in matters of unfair competition
(see Jacubowski v. Germany judgment, loc. cit.).
We therefore consider that the interference with the applicant's
right to freedom of expression was justified under Article 10 para. 2
of the Convention in that it could reasonably be considered "necessary
in a democratic society ... for the protection of the reputation (and)
rights of others" within the meaning of this provision.
We conclude that in the present case there has been no violation
of Article 10 of the Convention.
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