THIRD SECTION

CASE OF ULANIN AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA

(Applications nos. 2376/20 and 4 others –

see appended list)

JUDGMENT

STRASBOURG

13 October 2022

This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.

In the case of Ulanin and Others v. Russia,

The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:

Darian Pavli , President,

Andreas Zünd ,

Frédéric Krenc , judges, and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar ,

Having deliberated in private on 15 September 2022,

Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:

PROCEDURE

1. The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table.

2. The Russian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications.

THE FACTS

3. The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.

THE LAW

5. Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.

6. The applicants complained under Article 5 §§ 1 and 3 of the Convention about their allegedly unjustified pre-trial detention and its unreasonable length. Their complaints fall to be examined under Article 5 § 3 of the Convention (see Rubtsov and Balayan v. Russia , nos. 33707/14 and 3762/15, §§ 34-37, 10 April 2018), which reads as follows:

Article 5 § 3

“3. Everyone arrested or detained in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 (c) of this Article shall be ... entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial. Release may be conditioned by guarantees to appear for trial.”

7. The Court observes that the general principles regarding the right to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial, as guaranteed by Article 5 § 3 of the Convention, have been stated in a number of its previous judgments (see, among many other authorities, KudÅ‚a v. Poland [GC], no. 30210/96, § 110, ECHR 2000 ‑ XI, and McKay v. the United Kingdom [GC], no. 543/03, §§ 41-44, ECHR 2006 ‑ X, with further references).

8. In the leading case of Dirdizov v. Russia, no. 41461/10, 27 November 2012 the Court has already found a violation of Article 5 § 3 of the Convention on account of the unreasonably lengthy pre-trial detention. In Rubtsov and Balayan , cited above, the Court reiterated these findings in respect of persons who claimed that by virtue of Article 108 § 1.1 of the Criminal Procedure Code they should have been shielded from detention on remand. The Court found a violation of Article 5 § 3 in that case on account of the domestic courts’ failure to provide explanations for inapplicability of the above provision with reference to specific facts of the cases.

9. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the authorities failed to provide relevant and sufficient reasons to justify the applicants’ lengthy pre-trial detention and inapplicability of Article 108 § 1.1 of the Criminal Procedure Code to them.

10. These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 5 § 3 of the Convention.

11. In applications nos. 2376/20 and 18099/21, the applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its findings in Idalov v. Russia [GC], no. 5826/03, §§ 154-58, 22 May 2012.

12. Article 41 of the Convention provides:

“If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”

13. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Pastukhov and Yelagin v. Russia, no. 55299/07, 19 December 2013), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table and rejects the applicants’ remaining claims for just satisfaction.

14. The Court further considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.

FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,

(a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;

(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.

Done in English, and notified in writing on 13 October 2022, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.

Viktoriya Maradudina Darian Pavli

Acting Deputy Registrar President

APPENDIX

List of applications raising complaints under Article 5 § 3 of the Convention

(excessive length of pre-trial detention)

No.

Application no.

Date of introduction

Applicant’s name

Year of birth

Representative’s name and location

Period of detention

Court which issued detention order/examined appeal

Length of detention

Specific defects

Other complaints under well-established case-law

Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant

(in euros) [1]

2376/20

10/12/2019

Sergey Yevgenyevich ULANIN

1963Karinna Akopovna Moskalenko

Strasbourg

16/05/2019 – pending

Basmannyy District Court of Moscow, Moscow City Court

More than 3 year(s) and 2 month(s) and 13 day(s)

fragility of the reasons employed by the courts; use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint; failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding; failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention; economic crime; collective detention orders

Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - detention order of 17/05/2019 was upheld on appeal on 10/06/2019; decision on extension of detention of 18/06/2019 was upheld on appeal on 08/07/2019; decision on extension of detention of 17/09/2019 was upheld on appeal on 15/10/2019.

3,800

11599/20

25/02/2020

Aleksey Vladimirovich POLUNIN

1976Vyacheslav Sergeyevich Zinovyev

Chekhov

15/08/2019 – pending

Klin Town Court of the Moscow Region

More than 2 year(s) and 1 month(s) and 14 day(s)

fragility of the reasons employed by the courts; use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice; failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint; failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention; economic crime

3,000

48755/20

11/10/2020

Aleksandr Viktorovich POZDNYAKOV

1960Roman Eduardovich Kobylin

Moscow

25/10/2017 to

21/12/2020

Basmannyy District Court of Moscow

3 year(s) and 1 month(s) and 27 day(s)

fragility of the reasons employed by the courts; collective detention orders; use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice; failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint; failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention; economic crime

3,200

9457/21

09/02/2021

Aleksandr Pavlovich KOROLEV

1977Filipp Valeryevich Bagryanskiy

Vladimir

25/11/2020 – pending

Oktyabrskiy District Court of Vladimir

More than 1 year(s) and 8 month(s) and 4 day(s)

fragility of the reasons employed by the courts; use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice; failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint; failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention; economic crime

1,900

18099/21

29/03/2021

Andrey Gennadyevich BORDUNOV

1968Aleksandr Valeryevich Barakin

Moscow

16/11/2020 – pending

Tverskoy District Court of Moscow

More than 1 year(s) and 8 month(s) and 13 day(s)

fragility of the reasons employed by the courts; use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice; failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint; failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention; economic crime

Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - detention order of 16/11/2020 was upheld on appeal on 14/12/2020 (26 days); decision on extension of detention of 28/12/2020 was upheld on appeal on 15/02/2021 (47 days).

1,900

[1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.