THIRD SECTION

CASE OF LEVIN AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA

( Application no. 29584/05 and 8 others -

see appended list )

JUDGMENT

STRASBOURG

11 January 2018

This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.

In the case of Levin and Others v. Russia ,

The European Court of Human Rights ( Third Section ), sitting as a Committee composed of:

Luis López Guerra, President, Dmitry Dedov, Jolien Schukking, judges, and Liv Tigerstedt, Acting Deputy Section Registrar ,

Having deliberated in private on 7 December 2017 ,

Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:

PROCEDURE

1. The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table.

2. The applications were communicated to the Russian Government (“the Government”).

THE FACTS

3. The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.

4. The applicants complained of the excessive length of their pre-trial detention . Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention.

THE LAW

I. JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS

5. Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.

II. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 5 § 3 OF THE CONVENTION

6. The applicants complained principally that their pre-trial detention had been unreasonably long . They relied on Article 5 § 3 of the Convention, which read as follows:

Article 5 § 3

“3. Everyone arrested or detained in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 (c) of this Article shall be ... entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial. Release may be conditioned by guarantees to appear for trial.”

7. The Court observes that the general principles regarding the right to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial, as guaranteed by Article 5 § 3 of the Convention, have been stated in a number of its previous judgments (see, among many other authorities, KudÅ‚a v. Poland [GC], no. 30210/96, § 110, ECHR 2000 ‑ XI, and McKay v. the United Kingdom [GC], no. 543/03, §§ 41-44, ECHR 2006 ‑ X, with further references).

8. In the leading case of Dirdizov v. Russia, no. 41461/10, 27 November 2012, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case.

9. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the length of the applicants ’ pre-trial detention was excessive.

10. These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 5 § 3 of the Convention.

III. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW

11. In application no. 43735/16, the applicant complained under Article 5 § 4 of the Convention about the lack of a speedy review of his detention, in accordance with the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). This complaint is not manifestly ill-founde d within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor is it inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, it must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that it also discloses a violation of the Convention in the light of its findings in Idalov v. Russia [GC], no. 5826/03, §§ 154-158, 22 May 2012 .

IV . REMAINING COMPLAINTS

12. In application no. 29584/05, the applicant also raised other complaints under various Articles of the Convention.

13. The Court has examined the application and considers that, in the light of all the material in its possession and in so far as the matters complained of are within its competence, these complaints either do not meet the admissibility criteria set out in Articles 34 and 35 of the Convention or do not disclose any appearance of a violation of the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Convention or the Protocols thereto.

It follows th at this part of the application must be rejected in accordance with Article 35 § 4 of the Convention.

V . APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION

14. Article 41 of the Convention provides:

“If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”

15. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Pastukhov and Yelagin v. Russia, no. 55299/07, 19 December 2013), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table.

16. The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.

FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT , UNANIMOUSLY,

1. Decides to join the applications;

2. Declares the complaints concerning the excessive length of pre-trial detention and the other complaints under well-established case-law of the Court , as set out in the appended table, admissible and the remainder of the application no. 29584/05 inadmissible;

3. Holds that these complaints disclose a breach of Article 5 § 3 of the Convention concerning the excessive length of pre-trial detention ;

4. Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention as regards the complaint raised in application no. 43735/16 as another complaint under well-established case-law (see appended table);

5. Holds

(a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;

(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.

6. Dismisses the remainder of the applicants ’ claims for just satisfaction.

Done in English, and notified in writing on 11 January 2018 , pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.

Liv Tigerstedt Luis López Guerra

Acting D eputy Registrar President

APPENDIX

List of applications raising complaints under Article 5 § 3 of the Convention

( excessive length of pre-trial detention )

No.

Application no. Date of introduction

Applicant name

Date of birth

Representative name and location

Period of detention

Length of detention

Courts which issued detention orders/examined appeals

Specific grievances

Other complaints under well-established case-law

Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant

(in euros) [1]

29584/05

06/07/2005

Viktor Anatolyevich Levin

16/09/1956

Preobrazhenskaya Oksana Vladimirovna

Strasbourg

30/10/2003 to

21/10/2005

1 year and 11 months and 22 days

Trusovskoy District Court of the Astrakhan Region/Astrakhan Regional Court

- fragility of the reasons employed by the courts;

- use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice;

- failure to assess the applicant ’ s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colliding or absconding;

- failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint.

2,000

38432/11

10/06/2011

Denis Alekseyevich Vorotyntsev

23/01/1975

Shakhnazarov Norayr Georgiyevich

Lyubertsy

18/03/2010 to

19/10/2012

2 year s and 7 month s and 2 days

Tverskoy District Court of Moscow/Moscow City Court

- fragility of the reasons employed by the courts;

- use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice, with a mere link to the behavior of the alleged accomplices;

- failure to assess the applicant ’ s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colliding or absconding;

- failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint;

- failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention.

2,800

60229/11

15/09/2011

Yuriy Valentinovich Shorchev

09/05/1972

Agranovskiy Dmitriy Vladimirovich

Elektrostal

03/04/2009 to

25/11/2013

4 year s and 7 months and 23 days

Leninskiy District Court of Saransk/ Oktyabrskiy District Court of Saransk/Supreme Court of the Mordoviya Republic/Supreme Court of the Russian Federation

- failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention.

4,800

70271/12

24/10/2012

Denis Yuryevich Basargin

20/04/1980

Afanasyeva Yelena Vadimovna

Yekaterinburg

03/02/2012 to

25/12/2013

1 year and 10 months and 23 days

Leninskiy District Court of Tyumen/Tyumen Regional Court

- fragility of the reasons employed by the courts (non-violent crime (car theft) – gravity of the crime cited;

- use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice;

- failure to assess the applicant ’ s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colliding or absconding;

- failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint.

2,100

15174/13

17/12/2012

Yakov Trifonovich Ivashov

31/01/1949

Khaliullin Robert Nurgaleyevich

K azan

12/07/2011 to

03/07/2014

2 years and 11 months and 22 days

Vakhitovskiy District Court of Kazan/Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic

- fragility of the reasons employed by the courts;

- use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice;

- failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint;

- failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention.

3,000

9210/15

02/02/2015

Mikhail Yevgenyevich Kopalov

18/05/1993

26/05/2011 to

08/08/2016

5 year s and 2 months and 14 days

Novosavinskiy District Court of Kazan/Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic

- collective detention orders;

- failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention.

5,300

43735/16

22/07/2016

Konstantin Sergeyevich Yevtikheyev

10/04/1984

Meleshko Aleksandr Valeryevich

St Petersburg

09/09/2014

pending

More than 3 year s and 3 months

Petrogradskiy District Court of St Petersburg/St Petersburg City Court

- fragility of the reasons employed by the courts ( non-violent crime – gravity of the crime was cited by the courts);

- use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice;

- failure to assess the applicant ’ s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colliding or absconding;

- failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint;

- failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention.

Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - d ecision of 04/03/2016 - appeal decision of 30/03/2016;

d ecision of 07/06/2016 - appeal decision of 06/07/2016.

4,300

9495/17

19/01/2017

Aleksandr Vitalyevich Protopopov

14/01/1961

Vasilyev Aleksey Anatolyevich

Izhevsk

13/01/2016 to

17/05/2017

1 year and 4 month s and 5 days

Syktyvkar Town Court of the Komi Republic/Supreme Court of the Komi Republic

- fragility of the reasons employed by the courts;

- failure to assess the applicant ’ s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colliding or absconding;

- failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint.

1,500

14039/17

07/02/2017

Aleksey Aleksandrovich Byakov

13/05/1985

11/08/2016 to

08/05/2017

02/06/2017 to

28/06/2017

More than 9 months

Predgornyy Distric t Court of the Stavropol Region

Stavropol Regional Court

- fragility of the reasons employed by the courts;

- use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice;

- failure to assess the applicant ’ s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colliding or absconding;

- failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint.

1,000

[1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.