FIFTH SECTION

CASE OF KOROL AND OTHERS v. UKRAINE

( Application s no s . 54503/08 and 7 others -

see appended list )

JUDGMENT

This version was rectified on 7 June and 22 July 2019 under Rule 81 of the Rules of Court

STRASBOURG

7 March 2019

This judgment is final but it may b e subject to editorial revision

In the case of Korol and Others v. Ukraine ,

The European Court of Human Rights ( Fifth Section ), sitting as a Committee composed of:

Síofra O ’ Leary, President, Mārtiņš Mits , Lado Chanturia , judges, and Liv Tigerstedt , Acting Deputy Section Registrar ,

Having deliberated in private on 14 February 2019 ,

Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:

PROCEDURE

1. The case originated in applications against Ukraine lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table .

2. Notice of the application s was given to the Ukrainian Government (“the Government”).

THE FACTS

3. The list of applicant s and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.

4. The applicant s complained that they did not receive adequate medical care in detention . Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention.

THE LAW

I. JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS

5. Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.

II. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 3 OF THE CONVENTION

6. The applicant s complained principally that they were not afforded adequate medical treatment in detention . They relied on Article 3 of the Convention, which reads as follows :

Article 3

“No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.”

7. The Court notes that the applicant s suffered from serious medical conditions, as indicated in the appended table, which affected their everyday functioning.

8. The Court reiterates that the “adequacy” of medical assistance remains the most difficult element to determine (see Blokhin v. Russia [GC], no. 47152/06, § 137, ECHR 2016). It has clarified in this context that the authorities must ensure that diagnosis and care are prompt and accurate (see Pokhlebin v. Ukraine , no. 35581/06, § 62, 20 May 2010 , and Gorbulya v. Russia , no. 31535/09, § 62, 6 March 2014, with further references) and that ‒ where necessitated by the nature of a medical condition ‒ supervision is regular and systematic and involves a comprehensive therapeutic strategy aimed at successfully treating the detainee ’ s health problems or preventing their aggravation (see, inter alia , Ukhan v. Ukraine , no. 30628/02, § 74, 18 December 2008, and Kolesnikovich v. Russia , no. 44694/13, § 70, 22 March 2016, with further references). The Court stresses that medical treatment within prison facilities must be appropriate and comparable to the quality of treatment which the State authorities have committed themselves to providing for the entirety of the population. Nevertheless, this does not mean that each detainee must be guaranteed the same level of medical treatment that is available in the best health establishments outside prison facilities (see Sadretdinov v. Russia , no. 17564/06, § 67, 24 May 2016, and Konovalchuk v. Ukraine , no. 31928/15, § 52, 13 October 2016, with further references).

9. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has identified the shortcomings in the applicant s ’ medical treatment, which are listed in the appended table. The Court has already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case (see Nevmerzhitsky v. Ukraine , no. 54825/00, §§ 103-05, ECHR 2005 ‑ II ( extracts ); Melnik v. Ukraine , no. 72286/01, §§ 104-06, 28 March 2006; Logvinenko v. Ukraine , no. 13448/07 , §§ 68-78, 14 October 2010; Sergey Antonov v. Ukraine , no. 40512/13 , §§ 76-90 , 22 October 2015 ; and Pivovarnik v. Ukraine , no. 29070/15, §§ 37-46, 6 October 2016). Bearing in mind its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the applicant s did not receive comprehensive and adequate medical care whilst in detention.

10. These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention.

III. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 13 OF THE CONVENTION

11. The applicant s in applications nos. 54503/08 and 38721/10 also complained that no effective domestic remedies regarding complaints about the quality of the medical care in detention were available to them. Their complaints fall to be examined under Article 13 of the Convention, which reads as follows:

Article 13

“Everyone whose rights and freedoms as set forth in this Convention are violated shall have an effective remedy before a national authority ...”

12. The Court has on many occasions established that there is a lack of effective domestic remedies to complain about the quality of medical treatment in detention (see, among many other authorities, Melnik v. Ukraine , cited above, §§ 113-16; Koval v. Ukraine , no. 65550/01, §§ 93-98, 19 October 2006; and Savinov v. Ukraine , no. 5212/13, § 58, 22 October 2015 ). In the aforementioned cases the Court established that none of the legal avenues suggested by the Government constituted an effective remedy to prevent the alleged violations or stop them from continuing, or to provide the applicant s with adequate and sufficient redress for their complaints under Article 3 of the Convention.

13. The Court sees no reason which would justify departure from its well-established case-law on the issue. It finds that the applicant s in applications nos. 54503/08 and 38721/10 did not have at their disposal an effective domestic remedy for their complaints, in breach of Article 13 of the Convention.

IV. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW

14. The applicants in applications nos. 65987/09, 29273/10 and 38721/10 submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention, given the relevant well-establi shed case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its findings in Melnik v. Ukraine (cited above), Kharchenko v. Ukraine, (no. 40107/02, 10 February 2011), Ignatov v. Ukraine, (no. 40583/15, 15 December 2016) and Vasiliy Ivashchenko v. Ukraine , no. 760/03, §§ 103-10, 26 July 2012) .

V. REMAINING COMPLAINTS

15. In applications nos. 25725/09, 51967/09, 65987/09, 29273/10 and 38721/10 the applicants also raised other complaints under various Articles of the Convention.

16. The Court has examined the complaints in these applications and considers that, in the light of all the material in its possession and in so far as the matters complained of are within its competence, these complaints either do not meet the admissibility criteria set out in Articles 34 and 35 of the Convention or do not disclose any appearance of a violation of the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Convention or the Protocols thereto.

It follows that this part of the above-mentioned applications must be rejected in accordance with Article 35 §§ 1 and 4 of the Convention.

VI. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION

17. Article 41 of the Convention provides:

“If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”

18. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case ‑ law (see, in particular, Logvinenko v. Ukraine, cited above, §§ 89-95, 14 October 2010), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sum s indicated in the appended table. It rejects any additional claims for just satisfaction raised by the applicants and makes no award in respect of the applicant in application no. 157/18 who did not request monetary compensation.

19. The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.

FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT , UNANIMOUSLY,

1. Decides to join the applications;

2. Declares the complaints concerning the failure of the authorities to provide the applicant s with adequate medical care in detention and the other complaints under well-established case-law of the Court , as set out in the appended table, admissible, and the remainder of applications nos. 25725/09, 51967/09, 65987/09, 29273/10 and 38721/10 inadmissible;

3. Holds that these complaints disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention on account of the inadequate medical care in detention;

4. Holds that the complaints in applications nos. 54503/08 and 38721/10 disclose a breach of Article 13 of the Convention on account of the lack of an effective domestic remedy regarding complaints about the quality of the medical care in detention;

5. Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention in applications nos. 65987/09, 29273/10 and 38721/10 as regards the other complaints raised under well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table);

6. Holds

(a) that the respondent State is to pay the other applicant s , within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;

(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.

7. Dismisses the remainder of the applicants ’ claims for just satisfaction .

Done in English, and notified in writing on 7 March 2019 , pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.

Liv Tigerstedt Síofra O ’ Leary

Acting D eputy Registrar President

APPENDIX

List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention

( inadequate medical treatment in detention )

No.

Application no.

Date of introduction

Applicant ’ s name

Date of birth

Representative ’ s name and location

Principal medical condition

Shortcomings in medical treatment

Dates

Other complaints under well-established case-law

Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant

(in euros) [1]

54503/08

07/11/2008

Viktor Viktorovych Korol

04/11/1966

Lyudmyla Oleksandrivna Sharaya

Cherkasy

Tuberculosis

lacking/delayed drug therapy, Recurrence of disease (18/08/2009)

29/01/2008 to 18/07/2008

5 months and 20 days

Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law for the complaint of inadequate medical treatment in prison

7,500

25725/09

30/03/2009

Eduard Lvovich Soloveychik

20/10/1981

Olga Viktorovna Belyayeva

Dnipro

HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, Hepatitis

Delay in provision of treatment of HIV, aggravation of HIV infection to stage III. Treatment not systematic and comprehensive resulted in recurrence of tuberculosis and transformation of hepatitis into a chronic form

21/08/2006 to 20/03/2009

2 years and 7 months

7,500

51967/09

05/07/2009

Andrey Vladimirovich Dubrov a [2]

15/08/1975

Taras Oleksandrovych Kalmykov

Kharkiv

HIV/AIDS

lacking/delayed drug therapy, aggravation of HIV infection from stage III to stage IV

21/05/2012 to 01/10/2013

1 year, 4 months and 11 days

7,500

65987/09

16/11/2009

Oleksiy Ivanovych Kravchenko

20/01/1956

peptic ulcer

Provision of symptomatic treatment, no comprehensive approach in treatment, the Government ’ s failure to provide documentary evidence proving that the prescribed medication has been administered

18/01/2008 to 26/12/2013

5 years, 11 months and 9 days

Art. 34 - hindrance in the exercise of the right of individual petition

- domestic court ’ s refusal to provide the applicant with copies of the documents from his case file after the proceedings against him had been completed ( Vasiliy Ivashchenko v. Ukraine , no. 760/03, §§ 103-10, 26 July 2012)

7,500

29273/10

28/05/2010

Yevgeniy Anatolyevich Levchenko

11/03/1974

Oleg Igorovych Veremiyenko

Kyiv

HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis

lacking/delayed drug therapy for chronic tuberculosis which aggravated and transformed into a multi-drug resistant form; lacking/delayed drug therapy for stage III HIV

16/03/2010 to 26/11/2011

1 year, 8 months and 11 days

Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention:

Mariupol SIZO,

17/08/2009 to 22/01/2011

1 year, 5 months and 6 days

overcrowding (2 m²),

lack of or insufficient quantity of food

9,750

38721/10

02/07/2010

Ruslan Petrovych Drygin

27/12/1981

Andriy Anatoliyovych Kristenko

Kharkiv

consolidated ankle fracture

lacking/delayed surgery, lack of/delay in consultation by a specialist

01/01/2010 to 17/01/2011

1 year and 17 days

Art. 5 (3) - excessive length of pre-trial detention:

29/01/2009 to 17/01/2011

1 year, 11 months, and 18 days

Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law for the complaint of inadequate medical treatment in prison

9,750

54570/16

19/09/2016

Ivan Sergiyovych Zhukov

11 /0 7 /1984 [3]

Vasyl Ivanovych Melnychuk

Kyiv

Kidney disease

delay in surgery

05/09/2013 to 27/09/2016

3 years and 23 days

7,500

157/18

26/12/2017

Stanislav Fedorovych Denysyuk

14/01/1958

Anton Mykolayovych Bashlovka

Kyiv

Heart condition, bronchial diseases

lac k of/delay in consultation by a specialist, lack of/delay in medical examination, lack of/delay in medical testing, lacking/delayed drug therapy

08/06/2017 to 22/05/2018

11 months and 15 days

0[1] . Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.

[2] . Rectified on 7 June 2019: the applicant’s last name was “ Dubrov . ”

[3] Rectified on 22 July 2019 : the applicant’s date of birth was 30/01/1984 in the previous version .