Avis juridique important

Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora Official Journal L 206 , 22/07/1992 P. 0007 - 0050 Finnish special edition: Chapter 15 Volume 11 P. 0114 Swedish special edition: Chapter 15 Volume 11 P. 0114

Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular Article 130s thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission(1), Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament(2), Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee(3), Whereas the preservation, protection and improvement of the quality of the environment, including the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora, are an essential objective of general interest pursued by the Community, as stated in Article 130r of the Treaty; Whereas the European Community policy and action programme on the environment (1987 to 1992)(4) makes provision for measures regarding the conservation of nature and natural resources; Whereas, the main aim of this Directive being to promote the maintenance of biodiversity, taking account of economic, social, cultural and regional requirements, this Directive makes a contribution to the general objective of sustainable development; whereas the maintenance of such biodiversity may in certain cases require the maintenance, or indeed the encouragement, of human activities; Whereas, in the European territory of the Member States, natural habitats are continuing to deteriorate and an increasing number of wild species are seriously threatened; whereas given that the threatened habitats and species form part of the Community's natural heritage and the threats to them are often of a transboundary nature, it is necessary to take measures at Community level in order to conserve them; Whereas, in view of the threats to certain types of natural habitat and certain species, it is necessary to define them as having priority in order to favour the early implementation of measures to conserve them; Whereas, in order to ensure the restoration or maintenance of natural habitats and species of Community interest at a favourable conservation status, it is necessary to designate special areas of conservation in order to create a coherent European ecological network according to a specified timetable; Whereas all the areas designated, including those classified now or in the future as special protection areas pursuant to Council Directive 79/409/EEC of 2 April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds(5), will have to be incorporated into the coherent European ecological network; Whereas it is appropriate, in each area designated, to implement the necessary measures having regard to the conservation objectives pursued; Whereas sites eligible for designation as special areas of conservation are proposed by the Member States but whereas a procedure must nevertheless be laid down to allow the designation in exceptional cases of a site which has not been proposed by a Member State but which the Community considers essential for either the maintenance or the survival of a priority natural habitat type or a priority species; Whereas an appropriate assessment must be made of any plan or programme likely to have a significant effect on the conservation objectives of a site which has been designated or is designated in future; Whereas it is recognized that the adoption of measures intended to promote the conservation of priority natural habitats and priority species of Community interest is a common responsibility of all Member States; whereas this may, however, impose an excessive financial burden on certain Member States given, on the one hand, the uneven distribution of such habitats and species throughout the Community and, on the other hand, the fact that the "polluter pays" principle can have only limited application in the special case of nature conservation; Whereas it is therefore agreed that, in this exceptional case, a contribution by means of Community co-financing should be provided for within the limits of the resources made available under the Community's decisions; Whereas land-use planning and development policies should encourage the management of features of the landscape which are of major importance for wild fauna and flora; Whereas a system should be set up for surveillance of the conservation status of the natural habitats and species covered by this Directive; Whereas a general system of protection is required for certain species of flora and fauna to complement Directive 79/409/EEC; whereas provision should be made for management measures for certain species, if their conservation status so warrants, including the prohibition of certain means of capture or killing, whilst providing for the possibility of derogations on certain conditions; Whereas, with the aim of ensuring that the implementation of this Directive is monitored, the Commission will periodically prepare a composite report based, inter alia, on the information sent to it by the Member States regarding the application of national provisions adopted under this Directive; Whereas the improvement of scientific and technical knowledge is essential for the implementation of this Directive; whereas it is consequently appropriate to encourage the necessary research and scientific work; Whereas technical and scientific progress mean that it must be possible to adapt the Annexes; whereas a procedure should be established whereby the Council can amend the Annexes; Whereas a regulatory committee should be set up to assist the Commission in the implementation of this Directive and in particular when decisions on Community co-financing are taken; Whereas provision should be made for supplementary measures governing the reintroduction of certain native species of fauna and flora and the possible introduction of non-native species; Whereas education and general information relating to the objectives of this Directive are essential for ensuring its effective implementation, HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE: Definitions Article 1 For the purpose of this Directive: (a) conservation means a series of measures required to maintain or restore the natural habitats and the populations of species of wild fauna and flora at a favourable status as defined in (e) and (i); (b) natural habitats means terrestrial or aquatic areas distinguished by geographic, abiotic and biotic features, whether entirely natural or semi-natural; (c) natural habitat types of Community interest means those which, within the territory referred to in Article 2: (i) are in danger of disappearance in their natural range; or (ii) have a small natural range following their regression or by reason of their intrinsically restricted area; or (iii) present outstanding examples of typical characteristics of one or more of the five following biogeographical regions: Alpine, Atlantic, Continental, Macaronesian and Mediterranean. Such habitat types are listed or may be listed in Annex I; (d) priority natural habitat types means natural habitat types in danger of disappearence, which are present on the territory referred to in Article 2 and for the conservation of which the Community has particular responsibility in view of the proportion of their natural range which falls within the territory referred to in Article 2; these priority natural habitat types are indicated by an asterisk (*) in Annex I; (e) conservation status of a natural habitat means the sum of the influences acting on a natural habitat and its typical species that may affect its long-term natural distribution, structure and functions as well as the long-term survival of its typical species within the territory referred to in Article 2. The conservative status of a natural habitat will be taken as "favourable" when: - its natural range and areas it covers within that range are stable or increasing, and - the specific structure and functions which are necessary for its long-term maintenance exist and are likely to continue to exist for the foreseeable future, and - the conservation status of its typical species is favourable as defined in (i); (f) habitat of a species means an environment defined by specific abiotic and biotic factors, in which the species lives at any stage of its biological cycle; (g) species of Community interest means species which, within the territory referred to in Article 2, are: (i) endangered, except those species whose natural range is marginal in that territory and which are not endangered or vulnerable in the western palearctic region; or (ii) vulnerable, i.e. believed likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if the causal factors continue operating; or (iii) rare, i.e. with small populations that are not at present endangered or vulnerable, but are at risk. The species are located within restricted geographical areas or are thinly scattered over a more extensive range; or (iv) endemic and requiring particular attention by reason of the specific nature of their habitat and/or the potential impact of their exploitation on their habitat and/or the potential impact of their exploitation on their conservation status. Such species are listed or may be listed in Annex II and/or Annex IV or V; (h) priority species means species referred to in (g) (i) for the conservation of which the Community has particular responsibility in view of the proportion of their natural range which falls within the territory referred to in Article 2; these priority species are indicated by an asterisk (*) in Annex II; (i) conservation status of a species means the sum of the influences acting on the species concerned that may affect the long-term distribution and abundance of its populations within the territory referred to in Article 2; The conservation status will be taken as "favourable" when: - population dynamics data on the species concerned indicate that it is maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable component of its natural habitats, and - the natural range of the species is neither being reduced nor is likely to be reduced for the foreseeable future, and - there is, and will probably continue to be, a sufficiently large habitat to maintain its populations on a long-term basis; (j) site means a geographically defined area whose extent is clearly delineated; (k) site of Community importance means a site which, in the biogeographical region or regions to which is belongs, contributes significantly to the maintenance or restoration at a favourable conservation status of a natural habitat type in Annex I or of a species in Annex II and may also contribute significantly to the coherence of Natura 2000 referred to in Article 3, and/or contributes significantly to the maintenance of biological diversity within the biogeographic region or regions concerned. For animal species ranging over wide areas, sites of Community importance shall correspond to the places within the natural range of such species which present the physical or biological factors essential to their life and reproduction; (l) special area of conservation means a site of Community importance designated by the Member States through a statutory, administrative and/or contractual act where the necessary conservation measures are applied for the maintenance or restoration, at a favourable conservation status, of the natural habitats and/or the populations of the species for which the site is designated; (m) specimen means any animal or plant, whether alive or dead, of the species listed in Annex IV and Annex V, any part or derivative thereof, as well as any other goods which appear, from an accompanying document, the packaging or a mark or label, or from any other circumstances, to be parts or derivatives of animals or plants of those species; (n) the committee means the committee set up pursuant to Article 20. Article 2 1. The aim of this Directive shall be to contribute towards ensuring bio-diversity through the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora in the European territory of the Member States to which the Treaty applies. 2. Measures taken pursuant to this Directive shall be designed to maintain or restore, at favourable conservation status, natural habitats and species of wild fauna and flora of Community interest. 3. Measures taken pursuant to this Directive shall take account of economic, social and cultural requirements and regional and local characteristics. Conservation of natural habitats and habitats of species Article 3 1. A coherent European ecological network of special areas of conservation shall be set up under the title Natura 2000. This network, composed of sites hosting the natural habitat types listed in Annex I and habitats of the species listed in Annex II, shall enable the natural habitat types and the species' habitats concerned to be maintained or, where appropriate, restored at a favourable conservation status in their natural range. The Natura 2000 network shall include the special protection areas classified by the Member States pursuant to Directive 79/409/EEC. 2. Each Member State shall contribute to the creation of Natura 2000 in proportion to the representation within its territory of the natural habitat types and the habitats of species referred to in paragraph 1. To that effect each Member State shall designate, in accordance with Article 4, sites as special areas of conservation taking account of the objectives set out in paragraph 1. 3. Where they consider it necessary, Member States shall endeavour to improve the ecological coherence of Natura 2000 by maintaining, and where appropriate developing, features of the landscape which are of major importance for wild fauna and flora, as referred to in Article 10. Article 4 1. On the basis of the criteria set out in Annex III (Stage 1) and relevant scientific information, each Member State shall propose a list of sites indicating which natural habitat types in Annex I and which species in Annex II that are native to its territory the sites host. For animal species ranging over wide areas these sites shall correspond to the places within the natural range of such species which present the physical or biological factors essential to their life and reproduction. For aquatic species which range over wide areas, such sites will be proposed only where there is a clearly identifiable area representing the physical and biological factors essential to their life and reproduction. Where appropriate, Member States shall propose adaptation of the list in the light of the results of the surveillance referred to in Article 11. The list shall be transmitted to the Commission, within three years of the notification of this Directive, together with information on each site. That information shall include a map of the site, its name, location, extent and the data resulting from application of the criteria specified in Annex III (Stage 1) provided in a format established by the Commission in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 21. 2. On the basis of the criteria set out in Annex III (Stage 2) and in the framework both of each of the five biogeographical regions referred to in Article 1 (c) (iii) and of the whole of the territory referred to in Article 2 (1), the Commission shall establish, in agreement with each Member State, a draft list of sites of Community importance drawn from the Member States' lists identifying those which lost one or more priority natural habitat types or priority species. Member States whose sites hosting one or more priority natural habitat types and priority species represent more than 5 % of their national territory may, in agreement with the Commission, request that the criteria listed in Annex III (Stage 2) be applied more flexibly in selecting all the sites of Community importance in their territory. The list of sites selected as sites of Community importance, identifying those which host one or more priority natural habitat types or priority species, shall be adopted by the Commission in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 21. 3. The list referred to in paragraph 2 shall be established within six years of the notification of this Directive. 4. Once a site of Community importance has been adopted in accordance with the procedure laid down in paragraph 2, the Member State concerned shall designate that site as a special area of conservation as soon as possible and within six years at most, establishing priorities in the light of the importance of the sites for the maintenance or restoration, at a favourable conservation status, of a natural habitat type in Annex I or a species in Annex II and for the coherence of Natura 2000, and in the light of the threats of degradation or destruction to which those sites are exposed. 5. As soon as a site is placed on the list referred to in the third subparagraph of paragraph 2 it shall be subject to Article 6 (2), (3) and (4). Article 5 1. In exceptional cases where the Commission finds that a national list as referred to in Article 4 (1) fails to mention a site hosting a priority natural habitat type or priority species which, on the basis of relevant and reliable scientific information, it considers to be essential for the maintenance of that priority natural habitat type or for the survival of that priority species, a bilateral consultation procedure shall be initiated between that Member State and the Commission for the purpose of comparing the scientific data used by each. 2. If, on expiry of a consultation period not exceeding six months, the dispute remains unresolved, the Commission shall forward to the Council a proposal relating to the selection of the site as a site of Community importance. 3. The Council, acting unanimously, shall take a decision within three months of the date of referral. 4. During the consultation period and pending a Council decision, the site concerned shall be subject to Article 6 (2). Article 6 1. For special areas of conservation, Member States shall establish the necessary conservation measures involving, if need be, appropriate management plans specifically designed for the sites or integrated into other development plans, and appropriate statutory, administrative or contractual measures which correspond to the ecological requirements of the natural habitat types in Annex I and the species in Annex II present on the sites. 2. Member States shall take appropriate steps to avoid, in the special areas of conservation, the deterioration of natural habitats and the habitats of species as well as disturbance of the species for which the areas have been designated, in so far as such disturbance could be significant in relation to the objectives of this Directive. 3. Any plan or project not directly connected with or necessary to the management of the site but likely to have a significant effect thereon, either individually or in combination with other plans or projects, shall be subject to appropriate assessment of its implications for the site in view of the site's conservation objectives. In the light of the conclusions of the assessment of the implications for the site and subject to the provisions of paragraph 4, the competent national authorities shall agree to the plan or project only after having ascertained that it will not adversely affect the integrity of the site concerned and, if appropriate, after having obtained the opinion of the general public. 4. If, in spite of a negative assessment of the implications for the site and in the absence of alternative solutions, a plan or project must nevertheless be carried out for imperative reasons of overriding public interest, including those of a social or economic nature, the Member State shall take all compensatory measures necessary to ensure that the overall coherence of Natura 2000 is protected. It shall inform the Commission of the compensatory measures adopted. Where the site concerned hosts a priority natural habitat type and/or a priority species, the only considerations which may be raised are those relating to human health or public safety, to beneficial consequences of primary importance for the environment or, further to an opinion from the Commission, to other imperative reasons of overriding public interest. Article 7 Obligations arising under Article 6 (2), (3) and (4) of this Directive shall replace any obligations arising under the first sentence of Article 4 (4) of Directive 79/409/EEC in respect of areas classified pursuant to Article 4 (1) or similarly recognized under Article 4 (2) thereof, as from the date of implementation of this Directive or the date of classification or recognition by a Member State under Directive 79/409/EEC, where the latter date is later. Article 8 1. In parallel with their proposals for sites eligible for designation as special areas of conservation, hosting priority natural habitat types and/or priority species, the Member States shall send, as appropriate, to the Commission their estimates relating to the Community co-financing which they consider necessary to allow them to meet their obligations pursuant to Article 6 (1). 2. In agreement with each of the Member States concerned, the Commission shall identify, for sites of Community importance for which co-financing is sought, those measures essential for the maintenance or re-establishment at a favourable conservation status of the priority natural habitat types and priority species on the sites concerned, as well as the total costs arising from those measures. 3. The Commission, in agreement with the Member States concerned, shall assess the financing, including co-financing, required for the operation of the measures referred to in paragraph 2, taking into account, amongst other things, the concentration on the Member State's territory of priority natural habitat types and/or priority species and the relative burdens which the required measures entail. 4. According to the assessment referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3, the Commission shall adopt, having regard to the available sources of funding under the relevant Community instruments and according to the procedure set out in Article 21, a prioritized action framework of measures involving co-financing to be taken when the site has been designated under Article 4 (4). 5. The measures which have not been retained in the action framework for lack of sufficient resources, as well as those included in the abovementioned action framework which have not received the necessary co-financing or have only been partially co-financed, shall be reconsidered in accordance with the procedure set out in Article 21, in the context of the two-yearly review of the action framework and may, in the maintime, be postponed by the Member States pending such review. This review shall take into account, as appropriate, the new situation of the site concerned. 6. In areas where the measures dependent on co-financing are postponed, Member States shall refrain from any new measures likely to result in deterioration of those areas. Article 9 The Commission, acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 21, shall periodically review the contribution of Natura 2000 towards achievement of the objectives set out in Article 2 and 3. In this context, a special area of conservation may be considered for declassification where this is warranted by natural developments noted as a result of the surveillance provided for in Article 11. Article 10 Member States shall endeavour, where they consider it necessary, in their land-use planning and development policies and, in particular, with a view to improving the ecological coherence af the Natura 2000 network, to encourage the management of features of the landscape which are of major importance for wild fauna and flora. Such features are those which, by virtue of their linear and continuous structure (such as rivers with their banks or the traditional systems for marking field boundaries) or their function as stepping stones (such as ponds or small woods), are essential for the migration, dispersal and genetic exchange of wild species. Article 11 Member States shall undertake surveillance of the conservation status of the natural habitats and species referred to in Article 2 with particular regard to priority natural habitat types and priority species. Protection of species Article 12 1. Member States shall take the requisite measures to establish a system of strict protection for the animal species listed in Annex IV (a) in their natural range, prohibiting: (a) all forms of deliberate capture or killing of specimens of these species in the wild; (b) deliberate disturbance of these species, particularly during the period of breeding, rearing, hibernation and migration; (c) deliberate destruction or taking of eggs from the wild; (d) deterioration or destruction of breeding sites or resting places. 2. For these species, Member States shall prohibit the keeping, transport and sale or exchange, and offering for sale or exchange, of specimens taken from the wild, except for those taken legally before this Directive is implemented. 3. The prohibition referred to in paragraph 1 (a) and (b) and paragraph 2 shall apply to all stages of life of the animals to which this Article applies. 4. Member States shall establish a system to monitor the incidential capture and killing of the animal species listed in Annex IV (a). In the light of the information gathered, Member States shall take further research or conservation measures as required to ensure that incidental capture and killing does not have a significant negative impact on the species concerned. Article 13 1. Member States shall take the requisite measures to establish a system of strict protection for the plant species listed in Annex IV (b), prohibiting: (a) the deliberate picking, collecting, cutting, uprooting or destruction of such plants in their natural range in the wild; (b) the keeping, transport and sale or exchange and offering for sale or exchange of specimens of such species taken in the wild, except for those taken legally before this Directive is implemented. 2. The prohibitions referred to in paragraph 1 (a) and (b) shall apply to all stages of the biological cycle of the plants to which this Article applies. Article 14 1. If, in the light of the surveillance provided for in Article 11, Member States deem it necessary, they shall take measures to ensure that the taking in the wild of specimens of species of wild fauna and flora listed in Annex V as well as their exploitation is compatible with their being maintained at a favourable conservation status. 2. Where such measures are deemed necessary, they shall include continuation of the surveillance provided for in Article 11. Such measures may also include in particular: - regulations regarding access to certain property, - temporary or local prohibition of the taking of specimens in the wild and exploitation of certain populations, - regulation of the periods and/or methods of taking specimens, - application, when specimens are taken, of hunting and fishing rules which take account of the conservation of such populations, - establishment of a system of licences for taking specimens or of quotas, - regulation of the purchase, sale, offering for sale, keeping for sale or transport for sale of specimens, - breeding in captivity of animal species as well as artificial propagation of plant species, under strictly controlled conditions, with a view to reducing the taking of specimens of the wild, - assessment of the effect of the measures adopted. Article 15 In respect of the capture or killing of species of wild fauna listed in Annex V (a) and in cases where, in accordance with Article 16, derogations are applied to the taking, capture or killing of species listed in Annex IV (a), Member States shall prohibit the use of all indiscriminate means capable of causing local disappearance of, or serious disturbance to, populations of such species, and in particular: (a) use of the means of capture and killing listed in Annex VI (a); (b) any form of capture and killing from the modes of transport referred to in Annex VI (b). Article 16 1. Provided that there is no satisfactory alternative and the derogation is not detrimental to the maintenance of the populations of the species concerned at a favourable conservation status in their natural range, Member States may derogate from the provisions of Articles 12, 13, 14 and 15 (a) and (b): (a) in the interest of protecting wild fauna and flora and conserving natural habitats; (b) to prevent serious damage, in particular to crops, livestock, forests, fisheries and water and other types of property; (c) in the interests of public health and public safety, or for other imperative reasons of overriding public interest, including those of a social or economic nature and beneficial consequences of primary importance for the environment; (d) for the purpose of research and education, of repopulating and re-introducing these species and for the breedings operations necessary for these purposes, including the artificial propagation of plants; (e) to allow, under strictly supervised conditions, on a selective basis and to a limited extent, the taking or keeping of certain specimens of the species listed in Annex IV in limited numbers specified by the competent national authorities. 2. Member States shall forward to the Commission every two years a report in accordance with the format established by the Committee on the derogations applied under paragraph 1. The Commission shall give its opinion on these derogations within a maximum time limit of 12 months following receipt of the report and shall give an account to the Committee. 3. The reports shall specify: (a) the species which are subject to the derogations and the reason for the derogation, including the nature of the risk, with, if appropriate, a reference to alternatives rejected and scientific data used; (b) the means, devices or methods authorized for the capture or killing of animal species and the reasons for their use; (c) the circumstances of when and where such derogations are granted; (d) the authority empowered to declare and check that the required conditions obtain and to decide what means, devices or methods may be used, within what limits and by what agencies, and which persons are to carry but the task; (e) the supervisory measures used and the results obtained. Information Article 17 1. Every six years from the date of expiry of the period laid down in Article 23, Member States shall draw up a report on the implementation of the measures taken under this Directive. This report shall include in particular information concerning the conservation measures referred to in Article 6 (1) as well as evaluation of the impact of those measures on the conservation status of the natural habitat types of Annex I and the species in Annex II and the main results of the surveillance referred to in Article 11. The report, in accordance with the format established by the committee, shall be forwarded to the Commission and made accessible to the public. 2. The Commission shall prepare a composite report based on the reports referred to in paragraph 1. This report shall include an appropriate evaluation of the progress achieved and, in particular, of the contribution of Natura 2000 to the achievement of the objectives set out in Article 3. A draft of the part of the report covering the information supplied by a Member State shall be forwarded to the Member State in question for verification. After submission to the committee, the final version of the report shall be published by the Commission, not later than two years after receipt of the reports referred to in paragraph 1, and shall be forwarded to the Member States, the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee. 3. Member States may mark areas designated under this Directive by means of Community notices designed for that purpose by the committee. Research Article 18 1. Member States and the Commission shall encourage the necessary research and scientific work having regard to the objectives set out in Article 2 and the obligation referred to in Article 11. They shall exchange information for the purposes of proper coordination of research carried out at Member State and at Community level. 2. Particular attention shall be paid to scientific work necessary for the implementation of Articles 4 and 10, and transboundary cooperative research between Member States shall be encouraged. Procedure for amending the Annexes Article 19 Such amendments as are necessary for adapting Annexes I, II, III, V and VI to technical and scientific progress shall be adopted by the Council acting by qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission. Such amendments as are necessary for adapting Annex IV to technical and scientific progress shall be adopted by the Council acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission. Committee Article 20 The Commission shall be assisted by a committee consisting of representatives of the Member States and chaired by a representative of the Commission. Article 21 1. The representative of the Commission shall submit to the committee a draft of the measures to be taken. The committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft within a time limit which the Chairman may lay down according to the urgency of the matter. The opinion shall be delivered by the majority laid down in Article 148 (2) of the Treaty in the case of decisions which the Council is required to adopt on a proposal from the Commission. The votes of the representatives of the Member States within the committee shall be weighted in the manner set out in that Article. The Chairman shall not vote. 2. The Commission shall adopt the measures envisaged if they are in accordance with the opinion of the committee. If the measures envisaged are not in accordance with the opinion of the committee, or if no opinion is delivered, the Commission shall, without delay, submit to the Council a proposal relating to the measures to be taken. The Council shall act by a qualified majority. If, on the expiry of three months from the date of referral to the Council, the Council has not acted, the proposed measures shall be adopted by the Commission. Supplementary provisions Article 22 In implementing the provisions of this Directive, Member States shall: (a) study the desirability of re-introducing species in Annex IV that are native to their territory where this might contribute to their conservation, provided that an investigation, also taking into account experience in other Member States or elsewhere, has established that such re-introduction contributes effectively to re-establishing these species at a favourable conservation status and that it takes place only after proper consultation of the public concerned; (b) ensure that the deliberate introduction into the wild of any species which is not native to their territory is regulated so as not to prejudice natural habitats within their natural range or the wild native fauna and flora and, if they consider it necessary, prohibit such introduction. The results of the assessment undertaken shall be forwarded to the committee for information; (c) promote education and general information on the need to protect species of wild fauna and flora and to conserve their habitats and natural habitats. Final provisions Article 23 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive within two years of its notification. They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. 2. When Member States adopt such measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such a reference shall be laid down by the Member States. 3. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. Article 24 This Directive is addressed to the Member States. Done at Brussels, 21 May 1992. For the Council The President Arlindo Marques Cunha (1) OJ No C 247, 21. 9. 1988, p. 3 and OJ No C 195, 3. 8. 1990, p. 1. (2) OJ No C 75, 20. 3. 1991, p. 12. (3) OJ No C 31, 6. 2. 1991, p. 25. (4) OJ No C 328, 7. 12. 1987, p. 1. (5) OJ No L 103, 25. 4. 1979, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 91/244/ECC (OJ No L 115, 8. 5. 1991, p. 41). ANNEX I NATURAL HABITAT TYPES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST WHOSE CONSERVATION REQUIRES THE DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS OF CONSERVATION Interpretation >TABLE> The sign "x" combining codes indicates associated habitat types, e.g. 35.2 × 64.1 - Open grassland with Corynephorus and Agrostis (35.2), in combination with continental dunes (64.1). The sign "*" indicates priority habitat types. COSTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS Open sea and tidal areas >TABLE> Sea cliffs and shingle or stony beaches >TABLE> Atlantic and continental salt marshes and salt meadows >TABLE> Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic salt marshes and salt meadows >TABLE> Salt and gypsum continental steppes >TABLE> COASTAL SAND DUNES AND CONTINENTAL DUNES Sea dunes of the Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic coasts >TABLE> Sea dunes of the Mediterranean coast >TABLE> Continental dunes, old and decalcified >TABLE> FRESHWATER HABITATS Standing water >TABLE> Running water Sections of water courses with natural or semi-natural dynamics (minor, average and major beds) where the water quality shows no significant deterioration >TABLE> TEMPERATE HEATH AND SCRUB >TABLE> SCLEROPHYLLOUS SCRUB (MATORRAL) Sub-Mediterranean and temperate >TABLE> Mediterranean arborescent matorral >TABLE> Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-steppe brush >TABLE> Phrygana >TABLE> NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS Natural grasslands >TABLE> Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies >TABLE> Sclerophyllous grazed forests (dehesas) >TABLE> Semi-natural tall-herb humid meadows >TABLE> Mesophile grasslands >TABLE> RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS Sphagnum acid bogs >TABLE> Calcareous fens >TABLE> ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES Scree >TABLE> Chasmophytic vegetation on rocky slopes >TABLE> Other rocky habitats >TABLE> FORESTS (Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest Forests of temperate Europe >TABLE> Mediterranean deciduous forests >TABLE> Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests >TABLE> Alpine and subalpine coniferous forests >TABLE> Mediterranean mountainous coniferous forests >TABLE> ANNEX II ANIMAL AND PLANT SPECIES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST WHOSE CONSERVATION REQUIRES THE DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS OF CONSERVATION Interpretation (a) Annex II follows on from Annex I for the establishment of a consistent network of special areas of conservation. (b) The species listed in this Annex are indicated: - by the name of the species or subspecies, or - by the body of species belonging to a higher taxon or to a designated part of that taxon. The abbreviation "spp." after the name of a family or genus designates all the species belonging to that family or genus. (c) Symbols An asterisk (*) before the name of a species indicates that the species is a priority species. Most species listed in this Annex are also listed in Annex IV. Where a species appears i this Annex but does not appear in either Annex IV or Annex V, the species name is followed by the symbol (o); where a species which appears in this Annex also appears in Annex V but does not appear in Annex IV, its name is followed by the symbol (V). (a) ANIMALS VERTEBRATES MAMMALS INSECTIVORA Talpidae Galemys pyrenaicus CHIROPTERA Rhinolophidae Rhinolophus blasii Rhinolophus euryale Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Rhinolophus hipposideros Rhinolophus mehelyi Vespertilionidae Barbastella barbastellus Miniopterus schreibersi Myotis bechsteini Myotis blythi Myotis capaccinii Myotis dasycneme Myotis emarginatus Myotis myotis RODENTIA Sciuridae Spermophilus citellus Castoridae Castor fiber Microtidae Microtus cabrerae *Microtus oeconomus arenicola CARNIVORA Canidae *Canis lupus (Spanish populations: only those south of the Duero; Greek populations: only those south of the 39th parallel) Ursidae *Ursus arctos Mustelidae Lutra lutra Mustela lutreola Felidae Lynx lynx *Lynx pardina Phocidae Halichoerus grypus (V) *Monachus monachus Phoca vitulina (V) ARTIODACTYLA Cervidae *Cervus elaphus corsicanus Bovidae Capra aegagrus (natural populations) *Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica Ovis ammon musimon (natural populations - Corsica and Sardinia) Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica *Rupicapra ornata CETACEA Tursiops truncatus Phocoena phocoena REPTILES TESTUDINATA Testudinidae Testudo hermanni Testudo graeca Testudo marginata Cheloniidae *Caretta caretta Emydidae Emys orbicularis Mauremys caspica Mauremys leprosa SAURIA Lacertidae Lacerta monticola Lacerta schreiberi Gallotia galloti insulanagae *Gallotia simonyi Podarcis lilfordi Podarcis pityusensis Scincidae Chalcides occidentalis Gekkonidae Phyllodactylus europaeus OPHIDIA Colubridae Elaphe quatuorlineata Elaphe situla Viperidae *Vipera schweizeri Vipera ursinii AMPHIBIANS CAUDATA Salamandridae Chioglossa lusitanica Mertensiella luschani *Salamandra salamandra aurorae Salamandrina terdigitata Triturus cristatus Proteidae Proteus anguinus Plethodontidae Speleomantes ambrosii Speleomantes flavus Speleomantes genei Speleomantes imperialis Speleomantes supramontes ANURA Discoglossidae Bombina bombina Bombina variegata Discoglossus jeanneae Discoglossus montalentii Discoglossus sardus *Alytes muletensis Ranidae Rana latastei Pelobatidae *Pelobates fuscus insubricus FISH PETROMYZONIFORMES Petromyzonidae Eudontomyzon spp. (o) Lampetra fluviatilis (V) Lampetra planeri (o) Lethenteron zanandrai (V) Petromyzon marinus (o) ACIPENSERIFORMES Acipenseridae *Acipenser naccarii *Acipenser sturio ATHERINIFORMES Cyprinodontidae Aphanius iberus (o) Aphanius fasciatus (o) *Valencia hispanica SALMONIFORMES Salmonidae Hucho hucho (natural populations) (V) Salmo salar (only in fresh water) (V) Salmo marmoradus (o) Salmo macrostigma (o) Coregonidae *Coregonus oxyrhynchus (anadromous populations in certain sectors of the North Sea) CYPRINIFORMES Cyprinidae Alburnus vulturius (o) Alburnus albidus (o) Anaecypris hispanica Aspius aspius (o) Barbus plebejus (V) Barbus meridionalis (V) Barbus capito (V) Barbus comiza (V) Chalcalburnus chalcoides (o) Chondrostoma soetta (o) Chondrostoma polylepis (o) Chondrostoma genei (o) Chondrostoma lusitanicum (o) Chondrostoma toxostoma (o) Gobio albipinnatus (o) Gobio uranoscopus (o) Iberocypris palaciosi (o) *Ladigesocypris ghigii (o) Leuciscus lucomonis (o) Leuciscus souffia (o) Phoxinellus spp. (o) Rutilus pigus (o) Rutilus rubilio (o) Rutilus arcasii (o) Rutilus macrolepidotus (o) Rutilus lemmingii (o) Rutilus friesii meidingeri (o) Rutilus alburnoides (o) Rhodeus sericeus amarus (o) Scardinius graecus (o) Cobitidae Cobitis conspersa (o) Cobitis larvata (o) Cobitis trichonica (o) Cobitis taenia (o) Misgurnis fossilis (o) Sabanejewia aurata (o) PERCIFORMES Percidae Gymnocephalus schraetzer (V) Zingel spp. [(o) except Zingel asper and Zingel zingel (V)] Gobiidae Pomatoschistus canestrini (o) Padogobius panizzai (o) Padogobius nigricans (o) CLUPEIFORMES Clupeidae Alosa spp. (V) SCORPAENIFORMES Cottidae Cottus ferruginosus (o) Cottus petiti (o) Cottus gobio (o) SILURIFORMES Siluridae Silurus aristotelis (V) INVERTEBRATES ARTHROPODS CRUSTACEA Decapoda Austropotamobius pallipes (V) INSECTA Coleoptera Buprestis splendens *Carabus olympiae Cerambyx cerdo Cucujus cinnaberinus Dytiscus latissimus Graphoderus bilineatus Limoniscus violaceus (o) Lucanus cervus (o) Morimus funereus (o) *Osmoderma eremita *Rosalia alpina Lepidoptera *Callimorpha quadripunctata (o) Coenonympha oedippus Erebia calcaria Erebia christi Eriogaster catax Euphydryas aurinia (o) Graellsia isabellae (V) Hypodryas maturna Lycaena dispar Maculinea nausithous Maculinea teleius Melanagria arge Papilio hospiton Plebicula golgus Mantodea Apteromantis aptera Odonata Coenagrion hylas (o) Coenagrion mercuriale (o) Cordulegaster trinacriae Gomphus graslinii Leucorrhina pectoralis Lindenia tetraphylla Macromia splendens Ophiogomphus cecilia Oxygastra curtisii Orthoptera Baetica ustulata MOLLUSCS GASTROPODA Caseolus calculus Caseolus commixta Caseolus sphaerula Discula leacockiana Discula tabellata Discus defloratus Discus guerinianus Elona quimperiana Geomalacus maculosus Geomitra moniziana Helix subplicata Leiostyla abbreviata Leiostyla cassida Leiostyla corneocostata Leiostyla gibba Leiostyla lamellosa Vertigo angustior (o) Vertigo genesii (o) Vertigo geyeri (o) Vertigo moulinsiana (o) BIVALVIA Unionoida Margaritifera margaritifera (V) Unio crassus (b) PLANTS PTERIDOPHYTA ASPLENIACEAE Asplenium jahandiezii (Litard.) Rouy BLECHNACEAE Woodwardia radicans (L.) Sm. DICKSONIACEAE Culcita macrocarpa C. Presl DRYOPTERIDACEAE *Dryopteris corleyi Fraser-Jenk. HYMENOPHYLLACEAE Trichomanes speciosum Willd. ISOETACEAE Isoetes boryana Durieu Isoetes malinverniana Ces. & De Not. MARSILEACEAE Marsilea batardae Launert Marsilea quadrifolia L. Marsilea strigosa Willd. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Botrychium simplex Hitchc. Ophioglossum polyphyllum A. Braun GYMNOSPERMAE PINACEAE *Abies nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei ANGIOSPERMAE ALISMATACEAE Caldesia parnassifolia (L.) Parl. Luronium natans (L.) Raf. AMARYLLIDACEAE Leucojum nicaeense Ard. Narcissus asturiensis (Jordan) Pugsley Narcissus calcicola Mendonça Narcissus cyclamineus DC. Narcissus fernandesii G. Pedro Narcissus humilis (Cav.) Traub *Narcissus nevadensis Pugsley Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. subsp. nobilis (Haw.) A. Fernandes Narcissus scaberulus Henriq. Narcissus triandrus (Salisb.) D. A. Webb subsp. capax (Salisb.) D. A. Webb. Narcissus viridiflorus Schousboe BORAGINACEAE *Anchusa crispa Viv. *Lithodora nitida (H. Ern) R. Fernandes Myosotis lusitanica Schuster Myosotis rehsteineri Wartm. Myosotis retusifolia R. Afonso Omphalodes kuzinskyana Willk. *Omphalodes littoralis Lehm. Solenanthus albanicus (Degen & al.) Degen & Baldacci *Symphytum cycladense Pawl. CAMPANULACEAE Asyneuma giganteum (Boiss.) Bornm. *Campanula sabatia De Not. Jasione crispa (Pourret) Samp. subsp. serpentinica Pinto da Silva Jasione lusitanica A. DC. CARYOPHYLLACEAE *Arenaria nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter Arenaria provincialis Chater & Halliday Dianthus cintranus Boiss. & Reuter subsp. cintranus Boiss. & Reuter Dianthus marizii (Samp.) Samp. Dianthus rupicola Biv. *Gypsophila papillosa P. Porta Herniaria algarvica Chaudri Herniaria berlengiana (Chaudhri) Franco *Herniaria latifolia Lapeyr. subsp. litardierei gamis Herniaria maritima Link Moehringia tommasinii Marches. Petrocoptis grandiflora Rothm. Petrocoptis montsicciana O. Bolos & Rivas Mart. Petrocoptis pseudoviscosa Fernandez Casas Silene cintrana Rothm. *Silene hicesiae Brullo & Signorello Silene hifacensis Rouy ex Willk. *Silene holzmanii Heldr. ex Boiss. Silene longicilia (Brot.) Otth. Silene mariana Pau *Silene orphanidis Boiss. *Silene rothmaleri Pinto da Silva *Silene velutina Pourret ex Loisel. CHENOPODIACEAE *Bassia saxicola (Guss.) A. J. Scott *Kochia saxicola Guss. *Salicornia veneta Pignatti & Lausi CISTACEAE Cistus palhinhae Ingram Halimium verticillatum (Brot.) Sennen Helianthemum alypoides Losa & Rivas Goday Helianthemum caput-felis Boiss. *Tuberaria major (Willk.) Pinto da Silva & Roseira COMPOSITAE *Anthemis glaberrima (Rech. f.) Greuter *Artemisia granatensis Boiss. *Aster pyrenaeus Desf. ex DC. *Aster sorrentinii (Tod) Lojac. *Carduus myriacanthus Salzm. ex DC. *Centaurea alba L. subsp. heldreichii (Halacsy) Dostal *Centaurea alba L. subsp. princeps (Boiss. & Heldr.) Gugler *Centaurea attica Nyman subsp. megarensis (Halacsy & Hayek) Dostal *Centaurea balearica J. D. Rodriguez *Centaurea borjae Valdes-Berm. & Rivas Goday *Centaurea citricolor Font Quer Centaurea corymbosa Pourret Centaurea gadorensis G. Bianca *Centaurea horrida Badaro *Centaurea kalambakensis Freyn & Sint. Centaurea kartschiana Scop. *Centaurea lactiflora Halacsy Centaurea micrantha Hoffmanns. & Link subsp. herminii (Rouy) Dostál *Centaurea niederi Heldr. *Centaurea peucedanifolia Boiss. & Orph. *Centaurea pinnata Pau Centaurea pulvinata (G. Bianca) G. Bianca Centaurea rothmalerana (Arènes) Dostál Centaurea vicentina Mariz *Crepis crocifolia Boiss. & Heldr. Crepis granatensis (Willk.) B. Bianca & M. Cueto Erigeron frigidus Boiss. ex DC. Hymenostemma pseudanthemis (Kunze) Willd. *Jurinea cyanoides (L.) Reichenb. *Jurinea fontqueri Cuatrec. *Lamyropsis microcephala (Moris) Dittrich & Greuter Leontodon microcephalus (Boiss. ex DC.) Boiss. Leontodon boryi Boiss. *Leontodon siculus (Guss.) Finch & Sell Leuzea longifolia Hoffmanns. & Link Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass. Santolina impressa Hoffmanns. & Link Santolina semidentata Hoffmanns. & Link *Senecio elodes Boiss. ex DC. Senecio nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter CONVOLVULACEAE *Convolvulus argyrothamnus Greuter *Convolvulus Fernandes Pinto da Silva & Teles CRUCIFERAE Alyssum pyrenaicum Lapeyr. Arabis sadina (Samp.) P. Cout. *Biscutella neustriaca Bonnet Biscutella vincentina (Samp.) Rothm. Boleum asperum (Pers.) Desvaux Brassica glabrescens Poldini Brassica insularis Moris *Brassica macrocarpa Guss. Coincya cintrana (P. Cout.) Pinto da Silva *Coincya rupestris Rouy *Coronopus navasii Pau Diplotaxis ibicensis (Pau) Gomez-Campo *Diplotaxis siettiana Maire Diplotaxis vicentina (P. Cout.) Rothm. Erucastrum palustre (Pirona) Vis. *Iberis arbuscula Runemark Iberis procumbens Lange subsp. microcarpa Franco & Pinto da Silva *Ionopsidium acaule (Desf.) Reichenb. Ionopsidium savianum (Caruel) Ball ex Arcang. Sisymbrium cavanillesianum Valdes & Castroviejo Sisymbrium supinum L. CYPERACEAE *Carex panormitana Guss. Eleocharis carniolica Koch DIOSCOREACEAE *Borderea chouardii (Gaussen) Heslot DROSERACEAE Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. EUPHORBIACEAE *Euphorbia margalidiana Kuhbier & Lewejohann Euphorbia transtagana Boiss. GENTIANACEAE *Centaurium rigualii Esteve Chueca *Centaurium somedanum Lainz Gentiana ligustica R. de Vilm. & Chopinet Gentianella angelica (Pugsley) E. F. Warburg GERANIACEAE *Erodium astragaloides Boiss. & Reuter Erodium paularense Fernandez-Gonzalez & Izco *Erodium rupicola Boiss. GRAMINEAE Avenula hackelii (Henriq.) Holub Bromus grossus Desf. ex DC. Coleanthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidl Festuca brigantina (Markgr.-Dannenb.) Markgr.-Dannenb. Festuca duriotagana Franco & R. Afonso Festuca elegans Boiss. Festuca henriquesii Hack. Festuca sumilusitanica Franco & R. Afonso Gaudinia hispanica Stace & Tutin Holcus setiglumis Boiss. & Reuter subsp. duriensis Pinto da Silva Micropyropsis tuberosa Romero - Zarco & Cabezudo Pseudarrhenatherum pallens (Link) J. Holub Puccinellia pungens (Pau) Paunero *Stipa austroitalica Martinovsky *Stipa bavarica Martinovsky & H. Scholz *Stipa veneta Moraldo GROSSULARIACEAE *Ribes sardum Martelli HYPERICACEAE *Hypericum aciferum (Greuter) N. K. B. Robson JUNCACEAE Juncus valvatus Link LABIATAE Dracocephalum austriacum L. *Micromeria taygetea P. H. Davis Nepeta dirphya (Boiss.) Heldr. ex Halacsy *Nepeta sphaciotica P. H. Davis Origanum dictamnus L. Sideritis incana subsp. glauca (Cav.) Malagarriga Sideritis javalambrensis Pau Sideritis serrata Cav. ex Lag. Teucrium lepicephalum Pau Teucrium turredanum Losa & Rivas Goday *Thymus camphoratus Hoffmanns. & Link Thymus carnosus Boiss. *Thymus cephalotos L. LEGUMINOSAE Anthyllis hystrix Cardona, Contandr. & E. Sierra *Astragalus algarbiensis Coss. ex Bunge *Astragalus aquilanus Anzalone Astragalus centralpinus Braun-Blanquet *Astragalus maritimus Moris Astragalus tremolsianus Pau *Astragalus verrucosus Moris *Cytisus aeolicus Guss. ex Lindl. Genista dorycnifolia Font Quer Genista holopetala (Fleischm. ex Koch) Baldacci Melilotus segetalis (Brot.) Ser. subsp. fallax Franco *Ononis hackelii Lange Trifolium saxatile All. *Vicia bifoliolata J. D. Rodriguez LENTIBULARIACEAE Pinguicula nevadensis (Lindb.) Casper LILIACEAE Allium grosii Font Quer *Androcymbium rechingeri Greuter *Asphodelus bento-rainhae P. Silva Hyacinthoides vicentina (Hoffmanns. & Link) Rothm. *Muscari gussonei (Parl.) Tod. LINACEAE *Linum muelleri Moris LYTHRACEAE *Lythrum flexuosum Lag. MALVACEAE Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb. NAJADACEAE Najas flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & W. L. Schmidt ORCHIDACEAE *Cephalanthera cucullata Boiss. & Heldr. Cypripedium calceolus L. Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich. *Ophrys lunulata Parl. PAEONIACEAE Paeonia cambessedesii (Willk.) Willk. Paeonia parnassica Tzanoudakis Paeonia clusii F. C. Stern subsp. rhodia (Stearn) Tzanoudakis PALMAE Phoenix theophrasti Greuter PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago algarbiensis Samp. Plantago almogravensis Franco PLUMBAGINACEAE Armeria berlengensis Daveau *Armeria helodes Martini & Pold Armeria negleta Girard Armeria pseudarmeria (Murray) Mansfeld *Armeria rouyana Daveau Armeria soleirolii (Duby) Godron Armeria velutina Welv. ex Boiss. & Reuter Limonium dodartii (Girard) O. Kuntze subsp. lusitanicum (Daveau) Franco *Limonium insulare (Beg. & Landi) Arrig. & Diana Limonium lanceolatum (Hoffmanns. & Link) Franco Limonium multiflorum Erben *Limonium pseudolaetum Arrig. & Diana *Limonium strictissimum (Salzmann) Arrig. POLYGONACEAE Polygonum praelongum Coode & Cullen Rumex rupestris Le Gall PRIMULACEAE Androsace mathildae Levier Androsace pyrenaica Lam. *Primula apennina Widmer Primula palinuri Petagna Soldanella villosa Darracq. RANUNCULACEAE *Aconitum corsicum Gayer Adonis distorta Ten. Aquilegia bertolonii Schott Aquilegia kitaibelii Schott *Aquilegia pyrenaica D. C. subsp. cazorlensis (Heywood) Galiano *Consolida samia P. H. Davis Pulsatilla patens (L.) Miller *Ranunculus weyleri Mares RESEDACEAE *Reseda decursiva Forssk. ROSACEAE Potentilla delphinensis Gren. & Godron RUBIACEAE *Galium litorale Guss. *Galium viridiflorum Boiss. & Reuter SALICACEAE Salix salvifolia Brot. subsp. australis Franco SANTALACEAE Thesium ebracteatum Hayne SAXIFRAGACEAE Saxifraga berica (Beguinot) D. A. Webb Saxifraga florulenta Moretti Saxifraga hirculus L. Saxifraga tombeanensis Boiss. ex Engl. SCROPHULARIACEAE Antirrhinum charidemi Lange Chaenorrhinum serpyllifolium (Lange) Lange subsp. lusitanicum R. Fernandes *Euphrasia genargentea (Feoli) Diana Euphrasia marchesettii Wettst. ex Marches. Linaria algarviana Chav. Linaria coutinhoi Valdés *Linaria ficalhoana Rouy Linaria flava (Poiret) Desf. *Linaria hellenica Turrill *Linaria ricardoi Cout. *Linaria tursica B. Valdes & Cabezudo Linaria tonzigii Lona Odontites granatensis Boiss. Verbascum litigiosum Samp. Veronica micrantha Hoffmanns. & Link *Veronica oetaea L.-A. Gustavson SELAGINACEAE *Globularia stygia Orph. ex Boiss. SOLANACEAE *Atropa baetica Willk. THYMELAEACEAE Daphne petraea Leybold *Daphne rodriguezii Texidor ULMACEAE Zelkova abelicea (Lam.) Boiss. UMBELLIFERAE *Angelica heterocarpa Lloyd Angelica palustris (Besser) Hoffm. *Apium bermejoi Llorens Apium repens (Jacq.) Lag. Athamanta cortiana Ferrarini *Bupleurum capillare Boiss. & Heldr. *Bupleurum kakiskalae Greuter Eryngium alpinum L. *Eryngium viviparum Gay *Laserpitium longiradium Boiss. *Naufraga balearica Constans & Cannon *Oenanthe conioides Lange Petagnia saniculifolia Guss. Rouya polygama (Desf.) Coincy *Seseli intricatum Boiss. Thorella verticillatinundata (Thore) Brig. VALERIANACEAE Centranthus trinervis (Viv.) Beguinot VIOLACEAE *Viola hispida Lam. Viola jaubertiana Mares & Vigineix Lower plants BRYOPHYTA Bruchia vogesiaca Schwaegr. (o) *Bryoerythrophyllum machadoanum (Sergio) M. Hill (o) Buxbaumia viridis (Moug. ex Lam. & DC.) Brid. ex Moug. & Nestl. (o) Dichelyma capillaceum (With.) Myr. (o) Dicranum viride (Sull. & Lesq.) Lindb. (o) Distichophyllum carinatum Dix. & Nich. (o) Drepanocladus vernicosus (Mitt.) Warnst. (o) Jungermannia handelii (Schiffn.) Amak. (o) Mannia triandra (Scop.) Grolle (o) *Marsupella profunda Lindb. (o) Meesia longiseta Hedw. (o) Nothothylas orbicularis (Schwein.) Sull. (o) Orthotrichum rogeri Brid. (o) Petalophyllum ralfsii Nees & Goot. ex Lehm. (o) Riccia breidleri Jur. ex Steph. (o) Riella helicophylla (Mont.) Hook. (o) Scapania massolongi (K. Muell.) K. Muell. (o) Sphagnum pylaisii Brid. (o) Tayloria rudolphiana (Gasrov) B. & G. (o) SPECIES FOR MACARONESIA PTERIDOPHYTA HYMENOPHYLLACEAE Hymenophyllum maderensis Gibby & Lovis DRYOPTERIDACEAE *Polystichum drepanum (Sw.) C. Presl. ISOETACEAE Isoetes azorica Durieu & Paiva MARSILIACEAE *Marsilea azorica Launert & Paiva ANGIOSPERMAE ASCLEPIADACEAE Caralluma burchardii N. E. Brown *Ceropegia chrysantha Svent. BORAGINACEAE Echium candicans L. fil. *Echium gentianoides Webb & Coincy Myosotis azorica H. C. Watson Myosotis maritima Hochst. in Seub. CAMPANULACEAE *Azorina vidalii (H. C. Watson) Feer Musschia aurea (L. f.) DC. *Musschia wollastonii Lowe CAPRIFOLIACEAE *Sambucus palmensis Link CARYOPHYLLACEAE Spergularia azorica (Kindb.) Lebel CELASTRACEAE Maytenus umbellata (R. Br.) Mabb. CHENOPODIACEAE Beta patula Ait. CISTACEAE Cistus chinamadensis Banares & Romero *Helianthemum bystropogophyllum Svent. COMPOSITAE Andryala crithmifolia Ait. *Argyranthemum lidii Humphries Argyranthemum thalassophylum (Svent.) Hump. Argyranthemum winterii (Svent.) Humphries *Atractylis arbuscula Svent. & Michaelis Atractylis preauxiana Schultz. Calendula maderensis DC. Cheirolophus duranii (Burchard) Holub Cheirolophus ghomerytus (Svent.) Holub Cheirolophus junonianus (Svent.) Holub Cheirolophus massonianus (Lowe) Hansen Cirsium latifolium Lowe Helichrysum gossypinum Webb Helichrysum oligocephala (Svent. & Bzamw.) *Lactuca watsoniana Trel. *Onopordum nogalesii Svent. *Onopordum carduelinum Bolle *Pericallis hadrosoma Svent. Phagnalon benettii Lowe Stemmacantha cynaroides (Chr. Son. in Buch) Ditt Sventenia bupleuroides Font Quer *Tanacetum ptarmiciflorum Webb & Berth CONVOLVULACEAE *Convolvulus caput-medusae Lowe *Convolvulus lopez-socasii Svent. *Convolvulus massonii A. Dietr. CRASSULACEAE Aeonium gomeraense Praeger Aeonium saundersii Bolle Aichryson dumosum (Lowe) Praeg. Monanthes wildpretii Banares & Scholz Sedum brissemoretii Raymond-Hamet CRUCIFERAE *Crambe arborea Webb ex Christ Crambe laevigata DC. ex Christ *Crambe sventenii R. Petters ex Bramwell & Sund. *Parolinia schizogynoides Svent. Sinapidendron rupestre (Ait.) Lowe CYPERACEAE Carex malato-belizii Raymond DIPSACACEAE Scabiosa nitens Roemer & J. A. Schultes ERICACEAE Erica scoparia L. subsp. azorica (Hochst.) D. A. Webb EUPHORBIACEAE *Euphorbia handiensis Burchard Euphorbia lambii Svent. Euphorbia stygiana H. C. Watson GERANIACEAE *Geranium maderense P. F. Yeo GRAMINEAE Deschampsia maderensis (Haeck. & Born.) Phalaris maderensis (Menezes) Menezes LABIATAE *Sideritis cystosiphon Svent. *Sideritis discolor (Webb ex de Noe) Bolle Sideritis infernalis Bolle Sideritis marmorea Bolle Teucrium abutiloides L'Hér Teucrium betonicum L'Hér LEGUMINOSAE *Anagyris latifolia Brouss. ex Willd. Anthyllis lemanniana Lowe *Dorycnium spectabile Webb & Berthel *Lotus azoricus P. W. Ball Lotus callis-viridis D. Bramwell & D. H. Davis *Lotus kunkelii (E. Chueca) D. Bramwell & al. *Teline rosmarinifolia Webb & Berthel. *Teline salsoloides Arco & Acebes. Vicia dennesiana H. C. Watson LILIACEAE *Androcymbium psammophilum Svent. Scilla maderensis Menezes Semele maderensis Costa LORANTHACEAE Arceuthobium azoricum Wiens & Hawksw MYRICACEAE *Myrica rivas-martinezii Santos. OLEACEAE Jasminum azoricum L. Picconia azorica (Tutin) Knobl. ORCHIDACEAE Goodyera macrophylla Lowe PITTOSPORACEAE *Pittosporum coriaceum Dryand. ex Ait. PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago malato-belizii Lawalree PLUMBAGINACEAE *Limonium arborescens (Brouss.) Kuntze Limonium dendroides Svent. *Limonium spectabile (Svent.) Kunkel & Sunding *Limonium sventenii Santos & Fernandez Galvan POLYGONACEAE Rumex azoricus Rech. fil. RHAMNACEAE Frangula azorica Tutin ROSACEAE *Bencomia brachystachya Svent. Bencomia sphaerocarpa Svent. *Chamaemeles coriacea Lindl. Dendriopterium pulidoi Svent. Marcetella maderensis (Born.) Svent. Prunus lusitanica L. subsp. azorica (Mouillef.) Franco Sorbus maderensis (Lowe) Docle SANTALACEAE Kunkeliella subsucculenta Kammer SCROPHULARIACEAE *Euphrasia azorica Wats Euphrasia grandiflora Hochst. ex Seub. *Isoplexis chalcantha Svent. & O'Shanahan Isoplexis isabelliana (Webb & Berthel.) Masferrer Odontites holliana (Lowe) Benth. Sibthorpia peregrina L. SELAGINACEAE *Globularia ascanii D. Bramwell & Kunkel *Globularia sarcophylla Svent. SOLANACEAE *Solanum lidii Sunding UMBELLIFERAE Ammi trifoliatum (H. C. Watson) Trelease Bupleurum handiense (Bolle) Kunkel Chaerophyllum azoricum Trelease Ferula latipinna Santos Melanoselinum decipiens (Schrader & Wendl.) Hoffm. Monizia edulis Lowe Oenanthe divaricata (R. Br.) Mabb. Sanicula azorica Guthnick ex Seub. VIOLACEAE Viola paradoxa Lowe Lower plants BRYOPHYTA *Echinodium spinosum (Mitt.) Jur. (o) *Thamnobryum fernandesii Sergio (o) ANNEX III CRITERIA FOR SELECTING SITES ELIGIBLE FOR IDENTIFICATION AS SITES OF COMMUNITY IMPORTANCE AND DESIGNATION AS SPECIAL AREAS OF CONSERVATION STAGE 1: Assessment at national level of the relative importance of sites for each natural habitat type in Annex I and each species in Annex II (including priority natural habitat types and priority species) A. Site assessment criteria for a given natural habitat type in Annex I (a) Degree of representativity of the natural habitat tpye on the site. (b) Area of the site covered by the natural habitat type in relation to the total area covered by that natural habitat type within national territory. (c) Degree of conservation of the structure and functions of the natural habitat type concerned and restoration possibilities. (d) Global assessment of the value of the site for conservation of the natural habitat type concerned. B. Site assessment criteria for a given species in Annex II (a) Size and density of the population of the species present on the site in relation to the populations present within national territory. (b) Degree of conservation of the features of the habitat which are important for the species concerned and restoration possibilities. (c) Degree of isolation of the population present on the site in relation to the natural range of the species. (d) Global assessment of the value of the site for conservation of the species concerned. C. On the basis of these criteria, Member States will classify the sites which they propose on the national list as sites eligible for identification as sites of Community importance according to their relative value for the conservation of each natural habitat type in Annex I or each species in Annex II. D. That list will show the sites containing the priority natural habitat types and priority species selected by the Member States on the basis of the criteria in A and B above. STAGE 2: Assessment of the Community importance of the sites included on the national lists 1. All the sites identified by the Member States in Stage 1 which contain priority natural habitat types and/or species will be considered as sites of Community importance. 2. The assessment of the Community importance of other sites on Member States' lists, i.e. their contribution to maintaining or re-establishing, at a favourable conservation status, a natural habitat in Annex I or a species in Annex II and/or to the coherence of Natura 2000 will take account of the following criteria: (a) relative value of the site at national level; (b) geographical situation of the site in relation to migration routes of species in Annex II and whether it belongs to a continuous ecosystem situated on both sides of one or more internal Community frontiers; (c) total area of the site; (d) number of natural habitat types in Annex I and species in Annex II present on the site; (e) global ecological value of the site for the biogeographical regions concerned and/or for the whole of the territory referred to in Article 2, as regards both the characteristic of unique aspect of its features and the way they are combined. ANNEX IV ANIMAL AND PLANT SPECIES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST IN NEED OF STRICT PROTECTION The species listed in this Annex are indicated: - by the name of species or subspecies, or - by the body of species belonging to a higher taxon or to a designated part of that taxon. The abbreviation "spp." after the name of a family or genus designates all the species belonging to that family or genus. (a) ANIMALS VERTEBRATES MAMMALS INSECTIVORA Erinaceidae Erinaceus algirus Soricidae Crocidura canariensis Talpidae Galemys pyrenaicus MICROCHIROPTERA All species RODENTIA Gliridae All species except Glis glis and Eliomys quercinus Sciuridae Citellus citellus Sciurus anomalus Castoridae Castor fiber Cricetidae Cricetus cricetus Microtidae Microtus cabrerae Microtus oeconomus arenicola Zapodidae Sicista betulina Hystricidae Hystrix cristata CARNIVORA Canidae Canis lupus (Except Spanish populations north of the Duero and Greek populations north of the 39th parallel) Ursidae Ursus arctos Mustelidae Lutra lutra Mustela lutreola Felidae Felis silvestris Lynx lynx Lynx pardina Phocidae Monachus monachus ARTIODACTYLA Cervidae Cervus elaphus corsicanus Bovidae Capra aegagrus (natural populations) Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica Ovis ammon musimon (natural populations - Corsica and Sardinia) Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica Rupicapra ornata CETACEA All species REPTILES TESTUDINATA Testudinidae Testudo hermanni Testudo graeca Testudo marginata Cheloniidae Caretta caretta Chelonia mydas Lepidochelys kempii Eretmochelys imbricata Dermochelyidae Dermochelys coriacea Emydidae Emys orbicularis Mauremys caspica Mauremys leprosa SAURIA Lacertidae Algyroides fitzingeri Algyroides marchi Algyroides moreoticus Algyroides nigropunctatus Lacerta agilis Lacerta bedriagae Lacerta danfordi Lacerta dugesi Lacerta graeca Lacerta horvathi Lacerta monticola Lacerta schreiberi Lacerta trilineata Lacerta viridis Gallotia atlantica Gallotia galloti Gallotia galloti insulanagae Gallotia simonyi Gallotia stehlini Ophisops elegans Podarcis erhardii Podarcis filfolensis Podarcis hispanica atrata Podarcis lilfordi Podarcis melisellensis Podarcis milensis Podarcis muralis Podarcis peloponnesiaca Podarcis pityusensis Podarcis sicula Podarcis taurica Podarcis tiliguerta Podarcis wagleriana Scincidae Ablepharus kitaibelli Chalcides bedriagai Chalcides occidentalis Chalcides ocellatus Chalcides sexlineatus Chalcides viridianus Ophiomorus punctatissimus Gekkonidae Cyrtopodion kotschyi Phyllodactylus europaeus Tarentola angustimentalis Tarentola boettgeri Tarentola delalandii Tarentola gomerensis Agamidae Stellio stellio Chamaeleontidae Chamaeleo chamaeleon Anguidae Ophisaurus apodus OPHIDIA Colubridae Coluber caspius Coluber hippocrepis Coluber jugularis Coluber laurenti Coluber najadum Coluber nummifer Coluber viridiflavus Coronella austriaca Eirenis modesta Elaphe longissima Elaphe quatuorlineata Elaphe situla Natrix natrix cetti Natrix natrix corsa Natrix tessellata Telescopus falax Viperidae Vipera ammodytes Vipera schweizeri Vipera seoanni (except Spanish populations) Vipera ursinii Vipera xanthina Boidae Eryx jaculus AMPHIBIANS CAUDATA Salamandridae Chioglossa lusitanica Euproctus asper Euproctus montanus Euproctus platycephalus Salamandra atra Salamandra aurorae Salamandra lanzai Salamandra luschani Salamandrina terdigitata Triturus carnifex Triturus cristatus Triturus italicus Triturus karelinii Triturus marmoratus Proteidae Proteus anguinus Plethodontidae Speleomantes ambrosii Speleomantes flavus Speleomantes genei Speleomantes imperialis Speleomantes italicus Speleomantes supramontes ANURA Discoglossidae Bombina bombina Bombina variegata Discoglossus galganoi Discoglossus jeanneae Discoglossus montalentii Discoglossus pictus Discoglossus sardus Alytes cisternasii Alytes muletensis Alytes obstetricans Ranidae Rana arvalis Rana dalmatina Rana graeca Rana iberica Rana italica Rana latastei Rana lessonae Pelobatidae Pelobates cultripes Pelobates fuscus Pelobates syriacus Bufonidae Bufo calamita Bufo viridis Hylidae Hyla arborea Hyla meridionalis Hyla sarda FISH ACIPENSERIFORMES Acipenseridae Acipenser naccarii Acipenser sturio ATHERINIFORMES Cyprinodontidae Valencia hispanica CYPRINIFORMES Cyprinidae Anaecypris hispanica PERCIFORMES Percidae Zingel asper SALMONIFORMES Coregonidae Coregonus oxyrhynchus (anadromous populations in certain sectors of the North Sea) INVERTEBRATES ARTHROPODS INSECTA Coleoptera Buprestis splendens Carabus olympiae Cerambyx cerdo Cucujus cinnaberinus Dytiscus latissimus Graphoderus bilineatus Osmoderma eremita Rosalia alpina Lepidoptera Apatura metis Coenonympha hero Coenonympha oedippus Erebia calcaria Erebia christi Erebia sudetica Eriogaster catax Fabriciana elisa Hypodryas maturna Hyles hippophaes Lopinga achine Lycaena dispar Maculinea arion Maculinea nausithous Maculinea teleius Melanagria arge Papilio alexanor Papilio hospiton Parnassius apollo Parnassius mnemosyne Plebicula golgus Proserpinus proserpina Zerynthia polyxena Mantodea Apteromantis aptera Odonata Aeshna viridis Cordulegaster trinacriae Gomphus graslinii Leucorrhina albifrons Leucorrhina caudalis Leucorrhina pectoralis Lindenia tetraphylla Macromia splendens Ophiogomphus cecilia Oxygastra curtisii Stylurus flavipes Sympecma braueri Orthoptera Baetica ustulata Saga pedo ARACHNIDA Araneae Macrothele calpeiana MOLLUSCS GASTROPODA Prosobranchia Patella feruginea Stylommatophora Caseolus calculus Caseolus commixta Caseolus sphaerula Discula leacockiana Discula tabellata Discula testudinalis Discula turricula Discus defloratus Discus guerinianus Elona quimperiana Geomalacus maculosus Geomitra moniziana Helix subplicata Leiostyla abbreviata Leiostyla cassida Leiostyla corneocostata Leiostyla gibba Leiostyla lamellosa BIVALVIA Anisomyaria Lithophaga lithophaga Pinna nobilis Unionoida Margaritifera auricularia Unio crassus ECHINODERMATA Echinoidea Centrostephanus longispinus (b) PLANTS Annex IV (b) contains all the plant species listed in Annex II (b)(1) plus those mentioned below PTERIDOPHYTA ASPLENIACEAE Asplenium hemionitis L. ANGIOSPERMAE AGAVACEAE Dracaena draco (L.) L. AMARYLLIDACEAE Narcissus longispathus Pugsley Narcissus triandrus L. BERBERIDACEAE Berberis maderensis Lowe CAMPANULACEAE Campanula morettiana Reichenb. Physoplexis comosa (L.) Schur. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Moehringia fontqueri Pau COMPOSITAE Argyranthemum pinnatifidum (L.f.) Lowe subsp. succulentum (Lowe) C. J. Humphries Helichrysum sibthorpii Rouy Picris willkommii (Schultz Bip.) Nyman Santolina elegans Boiss. ex DC. Senecio caespitosus Brot. Senecio lagascanus DC. subsp. lusitanicus (P. Cout.) Pinto da Silva Wagenitzia lancifolia (Sieber ex Sprengel) Dostal CRUCIFERAE Murbeckiella sousae Rothm. EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter GESNERIACEAE Jankaea heldreichii (Boiss.) Boiss. Ramonda serbica Pancic IRIDACEAE Crocus etruscus Parl. Iris boissieri Henriq. Iris marisca Ricci & Colasante LABIATAE Rosmarinus tomentosus Huber-Morath & Maire Teucrium charidemi Sandwith Thymus capitellatus Hoffmanns. & Link Thymus villosus L. subsp. villosus L. LILIACEAE Androcymbium europeum (Lange) K. Richter Bellevalia hackelli Freyn Colchicum corsicum Baker Colchicum cousturieri Greuter Fritillaria conica Rix Fritillaria drenovskii Dogen & Stoy. Fritillaria gussichiae (Degen & Doerfler) Rix Fritillaria obliqua Ker-Gawl. Fritillaria rhodocanakis Orph. ex Baker Ornithogalum reverchonii Degen & Herv.-Bass. Scilla beirana Samp. Scilla odorata Link ORCHIDACEAE Ophrys argolica Fleischm. Orchis scopulorum Simsmerh. Spiranthes aestivalis (Poiret) L. C. M. Richard PRIMULACEAE Androsace cylindrica DC. Primula glaucescens Moretti Primula spectabilis Tratt. RANUNCULACEAE Aquilegia alpina L. SAPOTACEAE Sideroxylon marmulano Banks ex Lowe SAXIFRAGACEAE Saxifraga cintrana Kuzinsky ex Willk. Saxifraga portosanctana Boiss. Saxifraga presolanensis Engl. Saxifraga valdensis DC. Saxifraga vayredana Luizet SCROPHULARIACEAE Antirrhinum lopesianum Rothm. Lindernia procumbens (Krocker) Philcox SOLANACEAE Mandragora officinarum L. THYMELAEACEAE Thymelaea broterana P. Cout. UMBELLIFERAE Bunium brevifolium Lowe VIOLACEAE Viola athois W. Becker Viola cazorlensis Gandoger Viola delphinantha Boiss. (1) Except bryophytes in Annex II (b). ANNEX V ANIMAL AND PLANT SPECIES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST WHOSE TAKING IN THE WILD AND EXPLOITATION MAY BE SUBJECT TO MANAGEMENT MEASURES The species listed in this Annex are indicated: - by the name of the species or subspecies, or - by the body of species belonging to a higher taxon or to a designated part of that taxon. The abbreviation "spp." after the name of a family or genus designates all the species belonging to that family or genus. (a) ANIMALS VERTEBRATES MAMMALS CARNIVORA Canidae Canis aureus Canis lupus (Spanish populations north of the Duera and Greek populations north of the 39th parallel) Mustelidae Martes martes Mustela putorius Phocidae All species not mentioned in Annex IV Viverridae Genetta genetta Herpestes ichneumon DUPLICIDENTATA Leporidae Lepus timidus ARTIODACTYLA Bovidae Capra ibex Capra pyrenaica (except Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica) Rupicapra rupicapra (except Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica and rupicapra ornata) AMPHIBIANS ANURA Ranidae Rana esculenta Rana perezi Rana ridibunda Rana temporaria FISH PETROMYZONIFORMES Petromyzonidae Lampetra fluviatilis Lethenteron zanandrai ACIPENSERIFORMES Acipenseridae All species not mentioned in Annex IV SALMONIFORMES Salmonidae Thymallus thymallus Coregonus spp. (except Coregonus oxyrhynchus - anadromous populations in certain sectors of the North Sea) Hucho hucho Salmo salar (only in fresh water) Cyprinidae Barbus spp. PERCIFORMES Percidae Gymnocephalus schraetzer Zingel zingel CLUPEIFORMES Clupeidae Alosa spp. SILURIFORMES Siluridae Silurus aristotelis INVERTEBRATES COELENTERATA CNIDARIA Corallium rubrum MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA - STYLOMMATOPHORA Helicidae Helix pomatia BIVALVIA - UNIONOIDA Margaritiferidae Margaritifera margaritifera Unionidae Microcondylaea compressa Unio elongatulus ANNELIDA HIRUDINOIDEA - ARHYNCHOBDELLAE Hirudinidae Hirudo medicinalis ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA - DECAPODA Astacidae Astacus astacus Austropotamobius pallipes Austropotamobius torrentium Scyllaridae Scyllarides latus INSECTA - LEPIDOPTERA Saturniidae Graellsia isabellae (b) PLANTS ALGAE RHODOPHYTA CORALLINACEAE Lithothamnium coralloides Crouan frat. Phymatholithon calcareum (Poll.) Adey & McKibbin LICHENES CLADONIACEAE Cladonia L. subgenus Cladina (Nyl.) Vain. BRYOPHYTA MUSCI LEUCOBRYACEAE Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Ångstr. SPHAGNACEAE Sphagnum L. spp. (exept Sphagnum pylasii Brid.) PTERIDOPHYTA Lycopodium spp. ANGIOSPERMAE AMARYLLIDACEAE Galanthus nivalis L. Narcissus bulbocodium L. Narcissus juncifolius Lagasca COMPOSITAE Arnica montana L. Artemisia eriantha Ten Artemisia genipi Weber Doronicum plantagineum L. subsp. tournefortii (Rouy) P. Cout. CRUCIFERAE Alyssum pintadasilvae Dudley. Malcolmia lacera (L.) DC. subsp. graccilima (Samp.) Franco Murbeckiella pinnatifida (Lam.) Rothm. subsp. herminii (Rivas-Martinez) Greuter & Burdet GENTIANACEAE Gentiana lutea L. IRIDACEAE Iris lusitanica Ker-Gawler LABIATAE Teucrium salviastrum Schreber subsp. salviastrum Schreber LEGUMINOSAE Anthyllis lusitanica Cullen & Pinto da Silva Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop. subsp. transmontana Franco Ulex densus Welw. ex Webb. LILIACEAE Lilium rubrum Lmk Ruscus aculeatus L. PLUMBAGINACEAE Armeria sampaio (Bernis) Nieto Feliner ROSACEAE Rubus genevieri Boreau subsp. herminii (Samp.) P. Cout. SCROPHULARIACEAE Anarrhinum longipedicelatum R. Fernandes Euphrasia mendonçae Samp. Scrophularia grandiflora DC. subsp. grandiflora DC. Scrophularia berminii Hoffmanns & Link Scrophularia sublyrata Brot. COMPOSITAE Leuzea rhaponticoides Graells ANNEX VI PROHIBITED METHODS AND MEANS OF CAPTURE AND KILLING AND MODES OF TRANSPORT (a) Non-selective means MAMMALS - Blind or mutilated animals used as live decoys - Tape recorders - Electrical and electronic devices capable of killing or stunning - Artificial light sources - Mirrors and other dazzling devices - Devices for illuminating targets - Sighting devices for night shooting comprising an electronic image magnifier or image converter - Explosives - Nets which are non-selective according to their principle or their conditions of use - Traps which are non-selective according to their principle or their conditions of use - Crossbows - Poisons and poisoned or anaesthetic bait - Gassing or smoking out - Semi-automatic or automatic weapons with a magazine capable of holding more than two rounds of ammunition FISH - Poison - Explosives (b) Modes of transport - Aircraft - Moving motor vehicles

Council Directive 92/43/EEC

of 21 May 1992

on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular Article 130s thereof,

Having regard to the proposal from the Commission(1),

Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament(2),

Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee(3),

Whereas the preservation, protection and improvement of the quality of the environment, including the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora, are an essential objective of general interest pursued by the Community, as stated in Article 130r of the Treaty;

Whereas the European Community policy and action programme on the environment (1987 to 1992)(4) makes provision for measures regarding the conservation of nature and natural resources;

Whereas, the main aim of this Directive being to promote the maintenance of biodiversity, taking account of economic, social, cultural and regional requirements, this Directive makes a contribution to the general objective of sustainable development; whereas the maintenance of such biodiversity may in certain cases require the maintenance, or indeed the encouragement, of human activities;

Whereas, in the European territory of the Member States, natural habitats are continuing to deteriorate and an increasing number of wild species are seriously threatened; whereas given that the threatened habitats and species form part of the Community's natural heritage and the threats to them are often of a transboundary nature, it is necessary to take measures at Community level in order to conserve them;

Whereas, in view of the threats to certain types of natural habitat and certain species, it is necessary to define them as having priority in order to favour the early implementation of measures to conserve them;

Whereas, in order to ensure the restoration or maintenance of natural habitats and species of Community interest at a favourable conservation status, it is necessary to designate special areas of conservation in order to create a coherent European ecological network according to a specified timetable;

Whereas all the areas designated, including those classified now or in the future as special protection areas pursuant to Council Directive 79/409/EEC of 2 April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds(5), will have to be incorporated into the coherent European ecological network;

Whereas it is appropriate, in each area designated, to implement the necessary measures having regard to the conservation objectives pursued;

Whereas sites eligible for designation as special areas of conservation are proposed by the Member States but whereas a procedure must nevertheless be laid down to allow the designation in exceptional cases of a site which has not been proposed by a Member State but which the Community considers essential for either the maintenance or the survival of a priority natural habitat type or a priority species;

Whereas an appropriate assessment must be made of any plan or programme likely to have a significant effect on the conservation objectives of a site which has been designated or is designated in future;

Whereas it is recognized that the adoption of measures intended to promote the conservation of priority natural habitats and priority species of Community interest is a common responsibility of all Member States; whereas this may, however, impose an excessive financial burden on certain Member States given, on the one hand, the uneven distribution of such habitats and species throughout the Community and, on the other hand, the fact that the "polluter pays" principle can have only limited application in the special case of nature conservation;

Whereas it is therefore agreed that, in this exceptional case, a contribution by means of Community co-financing should be provided for within the limits of the resources made available under the Community's decisions;

Whereas land-use planning and development policies should encourage the management of features of the landscape which are of major importance for wild fauna and flora;

Whereas a system should be set up for surveillance of the conservation status of the natural habitats and species covered by this Directive;

Whereas a general system of protection is required for certain species of flora and fauna to complement Directive 79/409/EEC; whereas provision should be made for management measures for certain species, if their conservation status so warrants, including the prohibition of certain means of capture or killing, whilst providing for the possibility of derogations on certain conditions;

Whereas, with the aim of ensuring that the implementation of this Directive is monitored, the Commission will periodically prepare a composite report based, inter alia, on the information sent to it by the Member States regarding the application of national provisions adopted under this Directive;

Whereas the improvement of scientific and technical knowledge is essential for the implementation of this Directive; whereas it is consequently appropriate to encourage the necessary research and scientific work;

Whereas technical and scientific progress mean that it must be possible to adapt the Annexes; whereas a procedure should be established whereby the Council can amend the Annexes;

Whereas a regulatory committee should be set up to assist the Commission in the implementation of this Directive and in particular when decisions on Community co-financing are taken;

Whereas provision should be made for supplementary measures governing the reintroduction of certain native species of fauna and flora and the possible introduction of non-native species;

Whereas education and general information relating to the objectives of this Directive are essential for ensuring its effective implementation,

HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:

Definitions

For the purpose of this Directive:

(a) conservation means a series of measures required to maintain or restore the natural habitats and the populations of species of wild fauna and flora at a favourable status as defined in (e) and (i);

(b) natural habitats means terrestrial or aquatic areas distinguished by geographic, abiotic and biotic features, whether entirely natural or semi-natural;

(c) natural habitat types of Community interest means those which, within the territory referred to in Article 2:

(i) are in danger of disappearance in their natural range;

or

(ii) have a small natural range following their regression or by reason of their intrinsically restricted area;

or

(iii) present outstanding examples of typical characteristics of one or more of the five following biogeographical regions: Alpine, Atlantic, Continental, Macaronesian and Mediterranean.

Such habitat types are listed or may be listed in Annex I;

(d) priority natural habitat types means natural habitat types in danger of disappearence, which are present on the territory referred to in Article 2 and for the conservation of which the Community has particular responsibility in view of the proportion of their natural range which falls within the territory referred to in Article 2; these priority natural habitat types are indicated by an asterisk (*) in Annex I;

(e) conservation status of a natural habitat means the sum of the influences acting on a natural habitat and its typical species that may affect its long-term natural distribution, structure and functions as well as the long-term survival of its typical species within the territory referred to in Article 2.

The conservative status of a natural habitat will be taken as "favourable" when:

- its natural range and areas it covers within that range are stable or increasing, and

- the specific structure and functions which are necessary for its long-term maintenance exist and are likely to continue to exist for the foreseeable future, and

- the conservation status of its typical species is favourable as defined in (i);

(f) habitat of a species means an environment defined by specific abiotic and biotic factors, in which the species lives at any stage of its biological cycle;

(g) species of Community interest means species which, within the territory referred to in Article 2, are:

(i) endangered, except those species whose natural range is marginal in that territory and which are not endangered or vulnerable in the western palearctic region; or

(ii) vulnerable, i.e. believed likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if the causal factors continue operating; or

(iii) rare, i.e. with small populations that are not at present endangered or vulnerable, but are at risk. The species are located within restricted geographical areas or are thinly scattered over a more extensive range; or

(iv) endemic and requiring particular attention by reason of the specific nature of their habitat and/or the potential impact of their exploitation on their habitat and/or the potential impact of their exploitation on their conservation status.

Such species are listed or may be listed in Annex II and/or Annex IV or V;

(h) priority species means species referred to in (g) (i) for the conservation of which the Community has particular responsibility in view of the proportion of their natural range which falls within the territory referred to in Article 2; these priority species are indicated by an asterisk (*) in Annex II;

(i) conservation status of a species means the sum of the influences acting on the species concerned that may affect the long-term distribution and abundance of its populations within the territory referred to in Article 2;

The conservation status will be taken as "favourable" when:

- population dynamics data on the species concerned indicate that it is maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable component of its natural habitats, and

- the natural range of the species is neither being reduced nor is likely to be reduced for the foreseeable future, and

- there is, and will probably continue to be, a sufficiently large habitat to maintain its populations on a long-term basis;

(j) site means a geographically defined area whose extent is clearly delineated;

(k) site of Community importance means a site which, in the biogeographical region or regions to which is belongs, contributes significantly to the maintenance or restoration at a favourable conservation status of a natural habitat type in Annex I or of a species in Annex II and may also contribute significantly to the coherence of Natura 2000 referred to in Article 3, and/or contributes significantly to the maintenance of biological diversity within the biogeographic region or regions concerned.

For animal species ranging over wide areas, sites of Community importance shall correspond to the places within the natural range of such species which present the physical or biological factors essential to their life and reproduction;

(l) special area of conservation means a site of Community importance designated by the Member States through a statutory, administrative and/or contractual act where the necessary conservation measures are applied for the maintenance or restoration, at a favourable conservation status, of the natural habitats and/or the populations of the species for which the site is designated;

(m) specimen means any animal or plant, whether alive or dead, of the species listed in Annex IV and Annex V, any part or derivative thereof, as well as any other goods which appear, from an accompanying document, the packaging or a mark or label, or from any other circumstances, to be parts or derivatives of animals or plants of those species;

(n) the committee means the committee set up pursuant to Article 20.

1. The aim of this Directive shall be to contribute towards ensuring bio-diversity through the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora in the European territory of the Member States to which the Treaty applies.

2. Measures taken pursuant to this Directive shall be designed to maintain or restore, at favourable conservation status, natural habitats and species of wild fauna and flora of Community interest.

3. Measures taken pursuant to this Directive shall take account of economic, social and cultural requirements and regional and local characteristics.

Conservation of natural habitats and habitats of species

1. A coherent European ecological network of special areas of conservation shall be set up under the title Natura 2000. This network, composed of sites hosting the natural habitat types listed in Annex I and habitats of the species listed in Annex II, shall enable the natural habitat types and the species' habitats concerned to be maintained or, where appropriate, restored at a favourable conservation status in their natural range.

The Natura 2000 network shall include the special protection areas classified by the Member States pursuant to Directive 79/409/EEC.

2. Each Member State shall contribute to the creation of Natura 2000 in proportion to the representation within its territory of the natural habitat types and the habitats of species referred to in paragraph 1. To that effect each Member State shall designate, in accordance with Article 4, sites as special areas of conservation taking account of the objectives set out in paragraph 1.

3. Where they consider it necessary, Member States shall endeavour to improve the ecological coherence of Natura 2000 by maintaining, and where appropriate developing, features of the landscape which are of major importance for wild fauna and flora, as referred to in Article 10.

1. On the basis of the criteria set out in Annex III (Stage 1) and relevant scientific information, each Member State shall propose a list of sites indicating which natural habitat types in Annex I and which species in Annex II that are native to its territory the sites host. For animal species ranging over wide areas these sites shall correspond to the places within the natural range of such species which present the physical or biological factors essential to their life and reproduction. For aquatic species which range over wide areas, such sites will be proposed only where there is a clearly identifiable area representing the physical and biological factors essential to their life and reproduction. Where appropriate, Member States shall propose adaptation of the list in the light of the results of the surveillance referred to in Article 11.

The list shall be transmitted to the Commission, within three years of the notification of this Directive, together with information on each site. That information shall include a map of the site, its name, location, extent and the data resulting from application of the criteria specified in Annex III (Stage 1) provided in a format established by the Commission in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 21.

2. On the basis of the criteria set out in Annex III (Stage 2) and in the framework both of each of the five biogeographical regions referred to in Article 1 (c) (iii) and of the whole of the territory referred to in Article 2 (1), the Commission shall establish, in agreement with each Member State, a draft list of sites of Community importance drawn from the Member States' lists identifying those which lost one or more priority natural habitat types or priority species.

Member States whose sites hosting one or more priority natural habitat types and priority species represent more than 5 % of their national territory may, in agreement with the Commission, request that the criteria listed in Annex III (Stage 2) be applied more flexibly in selecting all the sites of Community importance in their territory.

The list of sites selected as sites of Community importance, identifying those which host one or more priority natural habitat types or priority species, shall be adopted by the Commission in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 21.

3. The list referred to in paragraph 2 shall be established within six years of the notification of this Directive.

4. Once a site of Community importance has been adopted in accordance with the procedure laid down in paragraph 2, the Member State concerned shall designate that site as a special area of conservation as soon as possible and within six years at most, establishing priorities in the light of the importance of the sites for the maintenance or restoration, at a favourable conservation status, of a natural habitat type in Annex I or a species in Annex II and for the coherence of Natura 2000, and in the light of the threats of degradation or destruction to which those sites are exposed.

5. As soon as a site is placed on the list referred to in the third subparagraph of paragraph 2 it shall be subject to Article 6 (2), (3) and (4).

1. In exceptional cases where the Commission finds that a national list as referred to in Article 4 (1) fails to mention a site hosting a priority natural habitat type or priority species which, on the basis of relevant and reliable scientific information, it considers to be essential for the maintenance of that priority natural habitat type or for the survival of that priority species, a bilateral consultation procedure shall be initiated between that Member State and the Commission for the purpose of comparing the scientific data used by each.

2. If, on expiry of a consultation period not exceeding six months, the dispute remains unresolved, the Commission shall forward to the Council a proposal relating to the selection of the site as a site of Community importance.

3. The Council, acting unanimously, shall take a decision within three months of the date of referral.

4. During the consultation period and pending a Council decision, the site concerned shall be subject to Article 6 (2).

1. For special areas of conservation, Member States shall establish the necessary conservation measures involving, if need be, appropriate management plans specifically designed for the sites or integrated into other development plans, and appropriate statutory, administrative or contractual measures which correspond to the ecological requirements of the natural habitat types in Annex I and the species in Annex II present on the sites.

2. Member States shall take appropriate steps to avoid, in the special areas of conservation, the deterioration of natural habitats and the habitats of species as well as disturbance of the species for which the areas have been designated, in so far as such disturbance could be significant in relation to the objectives of this Directive.

3. Any plan or project not directly connected with or necessary to the management of the site but likely to have a significant effect thereon, either individually or in combination with other plans or projects, shall be subject to appropriate assessment of its implications for the site in view of the site's conservation objectives. In the light of the conclusions of the assessment of the implications for the site and subject to the provisions of paragraph 4, the competent national authorities shall agree to the plan or project only after having ascertained that it will not adversely affect the integrity of the site concerned and, if appropriate, after having obtained the opinion of the general public.

4. If, in spite of a negative assessment of the implications for the site and in the absence of alternative solutions, a plan or project must nevertheless be carried out for imperative reasons of overriding public interest, including those of a social or economic nature, the Member State shall take all compensatory measures necessary to ensure that the overall coherence of Natura 2000 is protected. It shall inform the Commission of the compensatory measures adopted.

Where the site concerned hosts a priority natural habitat type and/or a priority species, the only considerations which may be raised are those relating to human health or public safety, to beneficial consequences of primary importance for the environment or, further to an opinion from the Commission, to other imperative reasons of overriding public interest.

Obligations arising under Article 6 (2), (3) and (4) of this Directive shall replace any obligations arising under the first sentence of Article 4 (4) of Directive 79/409/EEC in respect of areas classified pursuant to Article 4 (1) or similarly recognized under Article 4 (2) thereof, as from the date of implementation of this Directive or the date of classification or recognition by a Member State under Directive 79/409/EEC, where the latter date is later.

1. In parallel with their proposals for sites eligible for designation as special areas of conservation, hosting priority natural habitat types and/or priority species, the Member States shall send, as appropriate, to the Commission their estimates relating to the Community co-financing which they consider necessary to allow them to meet their obligations pursuant to Article 6 (1).

2. In agreement with each of the Member States concerned, the Commission shall identify, for sites of Community importance for which co-financing is sought, those measures essential for the maintenance or re-establishment at a favourable conservation status of the priority natural habitat types and priority species on the sites concerned, as well as the total costs arising from those measures.

3. The Commission, in agreement with the Member States concerned, shall assess the financing, including co-financing, required for the operation of the measures referred to in paragraph 2, taking into account, amongst other things, the concentration on the Member State's territory of priority natural habitat types and/or priority species and the relative burdens which the required measures entail.

4. According to the assessment referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3, the Commission shall adopt, having regard to the available sources of funding under the relevant Community instruments and according to the procedure set out in Article 21, a prioritized action framework of measures involving co-financing to be taken when the site has been designated under Article 4 (4).

5. The measures which have not been retained in the action framework for lack of sufficient resources, as well as those included in the abovementioned action framework which have not received the necessary co-financing or have only been partially co-financed, shall be reconsidered in accordance with the procedure set out in Article 21, in the context of the two-yearly review of the action framework and may, in the maintime, be postponed by the Member States pending such review. This review shall take into account, as appropriate, the new situation of the site concerned.

6. In areas where the measures dependent on co-financing are postponed, Member States shall refrain from any new measures likely to result in deterioration of those areas.

The Commission, acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 21, shall periodically review the contribution of Natura 2000 towards achievement of the objectives set out in Article 2 and 3. In this context, a special area of conservation may be considered for declassification where this is warranted by natural developments noted as a result of the surveillance provided for in Article 11.

Member States shall endeavour, where they consider it necessary, in their land-use planning and development policies and, in particular, with a view to improving the ecological coherence af the Natura 2000 network, to encourage the management of features of the landscape which are of major importance for wild fauna and flora.

Such features are those which, by virtue of their linear and continuous structure (such as rivers with their banks or the traditional systems for marking field boundaries) or their function as stepping stones (such as ponds or small woods), are essential for the migration, dispersal and genetic exchange of wild species.

Member States shall undertake surveillance of the conservation status of the natural habitats and species referred to in Article 2 with particular regard to priority natural habitat types and priority species.

Protection of species

1. Member States shall take the requisite measures to establish a system of strict protection for the animal species listed in Annex IV (a) in their natural range, prohibiting:

(a) all forms of deliberate capture or killing of specimens of these species in the wild;

(b) deliberate disturbance of these species, particularly during the period of breeding, rearing, hibernation and migration;

(c) deliberate destruction or taking of eggs from the wild;

(d) deterioration or destruction of breeding sites or resting places.

2. For these species, Member States shall prohibit the keeping, transport and sale or exchange, and offering for sale or exchange, of specimens taken from the wild, except for those taken legally before this Directive is implemented.

3. The prohibition referred to in paragraph 1 (a) and (b) and paragraph 2 shall apply to all stages of life of the animals to which this Article applies.

4. Member States shall establish a system to monitor the incidential capture and killing of the animal species listed in Annex IV (a). In the light of the information gathered, Member States shall take further research or conservation measures as required to ensure that incidental capture and killing does not have a significant negative impact on the species concerned.

1. Member States shall take the requisite measures to establish a system of strict protection for the plant species listed in Annex IV (b), prohibiting:

(a) the deliberate picking, collecting, cutting, uprooting or destruction of such plants in their natural range in the wild;

(b) the keeping, transport and sale or exchange and offering for sale or exchange of specimens of such species taken in the wild, except for those taken legally before this Directive is implemented.

2. The prohibitions referred to in paragraph 1 (a) and (b) shall apply to all stages of the biological cycle of the plants to which this Article applies.

1. If, in the light of the surveillance provided for in Article 11, Member States deem it necessary, they shall take measures to ensure that the taking in the wild of specimens of species of wild fauna and flora listed in Annex V as well as their exploitation is compatible with their being maintained at a favourable conservation status.

2. Where such measures are deemed necessary, they shall include continuation of the surveillance provided for in Article 11. Such measures may also include in particular:

- regulations regarding access to certain property,

- temporary or local prohibition of the taking of specimens in the wild and exploitation of certain populations,

- regulation of the periods and/or methods of taking specimens,

- application, when specimens are taken, of hunting and fishing rules which take account of the conservation of such populations,

- establishment of a system of licences for taking specimens or of quotas,

- regulation of the purchase, sale, offering for sale, keeping for sale or transport for sale of specimens,

- breeding in captivity of animal species as well as artificial propagation of plant species, under strictly controlled conditions, with a view to reducing the taking of specimens of the wild,

- assessment of the effect of the measures adopted.

In respect of the capture or killing of species of wild fauna listed in Annex V (a) and in cases where, in accordance with Article 16, derogations are applied to the taking, capture or killing of species listed in Annex IV (a), Member States shall prohibit the use of all indiscriminate means capable of causing local disappearance of, or serious disturbance to, populations of such species, and in particular:

(a) use of the means of capture and killing listed in Annex VI (a);

(b) any form of capture and killing from the modes of transport referred to in Annex VI (b).

1. Provided that there is no satisfactory alternative and the derogation is not detrimental to the maintenance of the populations of the species concerned at a favourable conservation status in their natural range, Member States may derogate from the provisions of Articles 12, 13, 14 and 15 (a) and (b):

(a) in the interest of protecting wild fauna and flora and conserving natural habitats;

(b) to prevent serious damage, in particular to crops, livestock, forests, fisheries and water and other types of property;

(c) in the interests of public health and public safety, or for other imperative reasons of overriding public interest, including those of a social or economic nature and beneficial consequences of primary importance for the environment;

(d) for the purpose of research and education, of repopulating and re-introducing these species and for the breedings operations necessary for these purposes, including the artificial propagation of plants;

(e) to allow, under strictly supervised conditions, on a selective basis and to a limited extent, the taking or keeping of certain specimens of the species listed in Annex IV in limited numbers specified by the competent national authorities.

2. Member States shall forward to the Commission every two years a report in accordance with the format established by the Committee on the derogations applied under paragraph 1. The Commission shall give its opinion on these derogations within a maximum time limit of 12 months following receipt of the report and shall give an account to the Committee.

3. The reports shall specify:

(a) the species which are subject to the derogations and the reason for the derogation, including the nature of the risk, with, if appropriate, a reference to alternatives rejected and scientific data used;

(b) the means, devices or methods authorized for the capture or killing of animal species and the reasons for their use;

(c) the circumstances of when and where such derogations are granted;

(d) the authority empowered to declare and check that the required conditions obtain and to decide what means, devices or methods may be used, within what limits and by what agencies, and which persons are to carry but the task;

(e) the supervisory measures used and the results obtained.

Information

1. Every six years from the date of expiry of the period laid down in Article 23, Member States shall draw up a report on the implementation of the measures taken under this Directive. This report shall include in particular information concerning the conservation measures referred to in Article 6 (1) as well as evaluation of the impact of those measures on the conservation status of the natural habitat types of Annex I and the species in Annex II and the main results of the surveillance referred to in Article 11. The report, in accordance with the format established by the committee, shall be forwarded to the Commission and made accessible to the public.

2. The Commission shall prepare a composite report based on the reports referred to in paragraph 1. This report shall include an appropriate evaluation of the progress achieved and, in particular, of the contribution of Natura 2000 to the achievement of the objectives set out in Article 3. A draft of the part of the report covering the information supplied by a Member State shall be forwarded to the Member State in question for verification. After submission to the committee, the final version of the report shall be published by the Commission, not later than two years after receipt of the reports referred to in paragraph 1, and shall be forwarded to the Member States, the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee.

3. Member States may mark areas designated under this Directive by means of Community notices designed for that purpose by the committee.

Research

1. Member States and the Commission shall encourage the necessary research and scientific work having regard to the objectives set out in Article 2 and the obligation referred to in Article 11. They shall exchange information for the purposes of proper coordination of research carried out at Member State and at Community level.

2. Particular attention shall be paid to scientific work necessary for the implementation of Articles 4 and 10, and transboundary cooperative research between Member States shall be encouraged.

Procedure for amending the Annexes

Such amendments as are necessary for adapting Annexes I, II, III, V and VI to technical and scientific progress shall be adopted by the Council acting by qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission.

Such amendments as are necessary for adapting Annex IV to technical and scientific progress shall be adopted by the Council acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission.

Committee

The Commission shall be assisted by a committee consisting of representatives of the Member States and chaired by a representative of the Commission.

1. The representative of the Commission shall submit to the committee a draft of the measures to be taken. The committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft within a time limit which the Chairman may lay down according to the urgency of the matter. The opinion shall be delivered by the majority laid down in Article 148 (2) of the Treaty in the case of decisions which the Council is required to adopt on a proposal from the Commission. The votes of the representatives of the Member States within the committee shall be weighted in the manner set out in that Article. The Chairman shall not vote.

2. The Commission shall adopt the measures envisaged if they are in accordance with the opinion of the committee.

If the measures envisaged are not in accordance with the opinion of the committee, or if no opinion is delivered, the Commission shall, without delay, submit to the Council a proposal relating to the measures to be taken. The Council shall act by a qualified majority.

If, on the expiry of three months from the date of referral to the Council, the Council has not acted, the proposed measures shall be adopted by the Commission.

Supplementary provisions

In implementing the provisions of this Directive, Member States shall:

(a) study the desirability of re-introducing species in Annex IV that are native to their territory where this might contribute to their conservation, provided that an investigation, also taking into account experience in other Member States or elsewhere, has established that such re-introduction contributes effectively to re-establishing these species at a favourable conservation status and that it takes place only after proper consultation of the public concerned;

(b) ensure that the deliberate introduction into the wild of any species which is not native to their territory is regulated so as not to prejudice natural habitats within their natural range or the wild native fauna and flora and, if they consider it necessary, prohibit such introduction. The results of the assessment undertaken shall be forwarded to the committee for information;

(c) promote education and general information on the need to protect species of wild fauna and flora and to conserve their habitats and natural habitats.

Final provisions

1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive within two years of its notification. They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.

2. When Member States adopt such measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such a reference shall be laid down by the Member States.

3. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.

This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Done at Brussels, 21 May 1992.

For the Council

The President

Arlindo Marques Cunha

(1) OJ No C 247, 21. 9. 1988, p. 3 and

OJ No C 195, 3. 8. 1990, p. 1.

(2) OJ No C 75, 20. 3. 1991, p. 12.

(3) OJ No C 31, 6. 2. 1991, p. 25.

(4) OJ No C 328, 7. 12. 1987, p. 1.

(5) OJ No L 103, 25. 4. 1979, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 91/244/ECC (OJ No L 115, 8. 5. 1991, p. 41).

ANNEX I

NATURAL HABITAT TYPES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST WHOSE CONSERVATION REQUIRES THE DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS OF CONSERVATION

Interpretation

>TABLE>

The sign "x" combining codes indicates associated habitat types, e.g. 35.2 × 64.1 - Open grassland with Corynephorus and Agrostis (35.2), in combination with continental dunes (64.1).

The sign "*" indicates priority habitat types.

COSTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS

Open sea and tidal areas

>TABLE>

Sea cliffs and shingle or stony beaches

>TABLE>

Atlantic and continental salt marshes and salt meadows

>TABLE>

Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic salt marshes and salt meadows

>TABLE>

Salt and gypsum continental steppes

>TABLE>

COASTAL SAND DUNES AND CONTINENTAL DUNES

Sea dunes of the Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic coasts

>TABLE>

Sea dunes of the Mediterranean coast

>TABLE>

Continental dunes, old and decalcified

>TABLE>

FRESHWATER HABITATS

Standing water

>TABLE>

Running water

Sections of water courses with natural or semi-natural dynamics (minor, average and major beds) where the water quality shows no significant deterioration

>TABLE>

TEMPERATE HEATH AND SCRUB

>TABLE>

SCLEROPHYLLOUS SCRUB (MATORRAL)

Sub-Mediterranean and temperate

>TABLE>

Mediterranean arborescent matorral

>TABLE>

Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-steppe brush

>TABLE>

Phrygana

>TABLE>

NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS

Natural grasslands

>TABLE>

Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies

>TABLE>

Sclerophyllous grazed forests (dehesas)

>TABLE>

Semi-natural tall-herb humid meadows

>TABLE>

Mesophile grasslands

>TABLE>

RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS

Sphagnum acid bogs

>TABLE>

Calcareous fens

>TABLE>

ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES

Scree

>TABLE>

Chasmophytic vegetation on rocky slopes

>TABLE>

Other rocky habitats

>TABLE>

FORESTS

(Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest

Forests of temperate Europe

>TABLE>

Mediterranean deciduous forests

>TABLE>

Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests

>TABLE>

Alpine and subalpine coniferous forests

>TABLE>

Mediterranean mountainous coniferous forests

>TABLE>

ANNEX II

ANIMAL AND PLANT SPECIES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST WHOSE CONSERVATION REQUIRES THE DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS OF CONSERVATION

Interpretation

(a) Annex II follows on from Annex I for the establishment of a consistent network of special areas of conservation.

(b) The species listed in this Annex are indicated:

- by the name of the species or subspecies, or

- by the body of species belonging to a higher taxon or to a designated part of that taxon.

The abbreviation "spp." after the name of a family or genus designates all the species belonging to that family or genus.

(c) Symbols

An asterisk (*) before the name of a species indicates that the species is a priority species.

Most species listed in this Annex are also listed in Annex IV.

Where a species appears i this Annex but does not appear in either Annex IV or Annex V, the species name is followed by the symbol (o); where a species which appears in this Annex also appears in Annex V but does not appear in Annex IV, its name is followed by the symbol (V).

(a) ANIMALS

VERTEBRATES

MAMMALS

INSECTIVORA

Talpidae

Galemys pyrenaicus

CHIROPTERA

Rhinolophidae

Rhinolophus blasii

Rhinolophus euryale

Rhinolophus ferrumequinum

Rhinolophus hipposideros

Rhinolophus mehelyi

Vespertilionidae

Barbastella barbastellus

Miniopterus schreibersi

Myotis bechsteini

Myotis blythi

Myotis capaccinii

Myotis dasycneme

Myotis emarginatus

Myotis myotis

RODENTIA

Sciuridae

Spermophilus citellus

Castoridae

Castor fiber

Microtidae

Microtus cabrerae

*Microtus oeconomus arenicola

CARNIVORA

Canidae

*Canis lupus (Spanish populations: only those south of the Duero; Greek populations: only those south of the 39th parallel)

Ursidae

*Ursus arctos

Mustelidae

Lutra lutra

Mustela lutreola

Felidae

Lynx lynx

*Lynx pardina

Phocidae

Halichoerus grypus (V)

*Monachus monachus

Phoca vitulina (V)

ARTIODACTYLA

Cervidae

*Cervus elaphus corsicanus

Bovidae

Capra aegagrus (natural populations)

*Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica

Ovis ammon musimon (natural populations - Corsica and Sardinia)

Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica

*Rupicapra ornata

CETACEA

Tursiops truncatus

Phocoena phocoena

REPTILES

TESTUDINATA

Testudinidae

Testudo hermanni

Testudo graeca

Testudo marginata

Cheloniidae

*Caretta caretta

Emydidae

Emys orbicularis

Mauremys caspica

Mauremys leprosa

SAURIA

Lacertidae

Lacerta monticola

Lacerta schreiberi

Gallotia galloti insulanagae

*Gallotia simonyi

Podarcis lilfordi

Podarcis pityusensis

Scincidae

Chalcides occidentalis

Gekkonidae

Phyllodactylus europaeus

OPHIDIA

Colubridae

Elaphe quatuorlineata

Elaphe situla

Viperidae

*Vipera schweizeri

Vipera ursinii

AMPHIBIANS

CAUDATA

Salamandridae

Chioglossa lusitanica

Mertensiella luschani

*Salamandra salamandra aurorae

Salamandrina terdigitata

Triturus cristatus

Proteidae

Proteus anguinus

Plethodontidae

Speleomantes ambrosii

Speleomantes flavus

Speleomantes genei

Speleomantes imperialis

Speleomantes supramontes

ANURA

Discoglossidae

Bombina bombina

Bombina variegata

Discoglossus jeanneae

Discoglossus montalentii

Discoglossus sardus

*Alytes muletensis

Ranidae

Rana latastei

Pelobatidae

*Pelobates fuscus insubricus

FISH

PETROMYZONIFORMES

Petromyzonidae

Eudontomyzon spp. (o)

Lampetra fluviatilis (V)

Lampetra planeri (o)

Lethenteron zanandrai (V)

Petromyzon marinus (o)

ACIPENSERIFORMES

Acipenseridae

*Acipenser naccarii

*Acipenser sturio

ATHERINIFORMES

Cyprinodontidae

Aphanius iberus (o)

Aphanius fasciatus (o)

*Valencia hispanica

SALMONIFORMES

Salmonidae

Hucho hucho (natural populations) (V)

Salmo salar (only in fresh water) (V)

Salmo marmoradus (o)

Salmo macrostigma (o)

Coregonidae

*Coregonus oxyrhynchus (anadromous populations in certain sectors of the North Sea)

CYPRINIFORMES

Cyprinidae

Alburnus vulturius (o)

Alburnus albidus (o)

Anaecypris hispanica

Aspius aspius (o)

Barbus plebejus (V)

Barbus meridionalis (V)

Barbus capito (V)

Barbus comiza (V)

Chalcalburnus chalcoides (o)

Chondrostoma soetta (o)

Chondrostoma polylepis (o)

Chondrostoma genei (o)

Chondrostoma lusitanicum (o)

Chondrostoma toxostoma (o)

Gobio albipinnatus (o)

Gobio uranoscopus (o)

Iberocypris palaciosi (o)

*Ladigesocypris ghigii (o)

Leuciscus lucomonis (o)

Leuciscus souffia (o)

Phoxinellus spp. (o)

Rutilus pigus (o)

Rutilus rubilio (o)

Rutilus arcasii (o)

Rutilus macrolepidotus (o)

Rutilus lemmingii (o)

Rutilus friesii meidingeri (o)

Rutilus alburnoides (o)

Rhodeus sericeus amarus (o)

Scardinius graecus (o)

Cobitidae

Cobitis conspersa (o)

Cobitis larvata (o)

Cobitis trichonica (o)

Cobitis taenia (o)

Misgurnis fossilis (o)

Sabanejewia aurata (o)

PERCIFORMES

Percidae

Gymnocephalus schraetzer (V)

Zingel spp. [(o) except Zingel asper and Zingel zingel (V)]

Gobiidae

Pomatoschistus canestrini (o)

Padogobius panizzai (o)

Padogobius nigricans (o)

CLUPEIFORMES

Clupeidae

Alosa spp. (V)

SCORPAENIFORMES

Cottidae

Cottus ferruginosus (o)

Cottus petiti (o)

Cottus gobio (o)

SILURIFORMES

Siluridae

Silurus aristotelis (V)

INVERTEBRATES

ARTHROPODS

CRUSTACEA

Decapoda

Austropotamobius pallipes (V)

INSECTA

Coleoptera

Buprestis splendens

*Carabus olympiae

Cerambyx cerdo

Cucujus cinnaberinus

Dytiscus latissimus

Graphoderus bilineatus

Limoniscus violaceus (o)

Lucanus cervus (o)

Morimus funereus (o)

*Osmoderma eremita

*Rosalia alpina

Lepidoptera

*Callimorpha quadripunctata (o)

Coenonympha oedippus

Erebia calcaria

Erebia christi

Eriogaster catax

Euphydryas aurinia (o)

Graellsia isabellae (V)

Hypodryas maturna

Lycaena dispar

Maculinea nausithous

Maculinea teleius

Melanagria arge

Papilio hospiton

Plebicula golgus

Mantodea

Apteromantis aptera

Odonata

Coenagrion hylas (o)

Coenagrion mercuriale (o)

Cordulegaster trinacriae

Gomphus graslinii

Leucorrhina pectoralis

Lindenia tetraphylla

Macromia splendens

Ophiogomphus cecilia

Oxygastra curtisii

Orthoptera

Baetica ustulata

MOLLUSCS

GASTROPODA

Caseolus calculus

Caseolus commixta

Caseolus sphaerula

Discula leacockiana

Discula tabellata

Discus defloratus

Discus guerinianus

Elona quimperiana

Geomalacus maculosus

Geomitra moniziana

Helix subplicata

Leiostyla abbreviata

Leiostyla cassida

Leiostyla corneocostata

Leiostyla gibba

Leiostyla lamellosa

Vertigo angustior (o)

Vertigo genesii (o)

Vertigo geyeri (o)

Vertigo moulinsiana (o)

BIVALVIA

Unionoida

Margaritifera margaritifera (V)

Unio crassus

(b) PLANTS

PTERIDOPHYTA

ASPLENIACEAE

Asplenium jahandiezii (Litard.) Rouy

BLECHNACEAE

Woodwardia radicans (L.) Sm.

DICKSONIACEAE

Culcita macrocarpa C. Presl

DRYOPTERIDACEAE

*Dryopteris corleyi Fraser-Jenk.

HYMENOPHYLLACEAE

Trichomanes speciosum Willd.

ISOETACEAE

Isoetes boryana Durieu

Isoetes malinverniana Ces. & De Not.

MARSILEACEAE

Marsilea batardae Launert

Marsilea quadrifolia L.

Marsilea strigosa Willd.

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE

Botrychium simplex Hitchc.

Ophioglossum polyphyllum A. Braun

GYMNOSPERMAE

PINACEAE

*Abies nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei

ANGIOSPERMAE

ALISMATACEAE

Caldesia parnassifolia (L.) Parl.

Luronium natans (L.) Raf.

AMARYLLIDACEAE

Leucojum nicaeense Ard.

Narcissus asturiensis (Jordan) Pugsley

Narcissus calcicola Mendonça

Narcissus cyclamineus DC.

Narcissus fernandesii G. Pedro

Narcissus humilis (Cav.) Traub

*Narcissus nevadensis Pugsley

Narcissus pseudonarcissus L.

subsp. nobilis (Haw.) A. Fernandes

Narcissus scaberulus Henriq.

Narcissus triandrus (Salisb.) D. A. Webb

subsp. capax (Salisb.) D. A. Webb.

Narcissus viridiflorus Schousboe

BORAGINACEAE

*Anchusa crispa Viv.

*Lithodora nitida (H. Ern) R. Fernandes

Myosotis lusitanica Schuster

Myosotis rehsteineri Wartm.

Myosotis retusifolia R. Afonso

Omphalodes kuzinskyana Willk.

*Omphalodes littoralis Lehm.

Solenanthus albanicus (Degen & al.) Degen & Baldacci

*Symphytum cycladense Pawl.

CAMPANULACEAE

Asyneuma giganteum (Boiss.) Bornm.

*Campanula sabatia De Not.

Jasione crispa (Pourret) Samp.

subsp. serpentinica Pinto da Silva

Jasione lusitanica A. DC.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

*Arenaria nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter

Arenaria provincialis Chater & Halliday

Dianthus cintranus Boiss. & Reuter

subsp. cintranus Boiss. & Reuter

Dianthus marizii (Samp.) Samp.

Dianthus rupicola Biv.

*Gypsophila papillosa P. Porta

Herniaria algarvica Chaudri

Herniaria berlengiana (Chaudhri) Franco

*Herniaria latifolia Lapeyr.

subsp. litardierei gamis

Herniaria maritima Link

Moehringia tommasinii Marches.

Petrocoptis grandiflora Rothm.

Petrocoptis montsicciana O. Bolos & Rivas Mart.

Petrocoptis pseudoviscosa Fernandez Casas

Silene cintrana Rothm.

*Silene hicesiae Brullo & Signorello

Silene hifacensis Rouy ex Willk.

*Silene holzmanii Heldr. ex Boiss.

Silene longicilia (Brot.) Otth.

Silene mariana Pau

*Silene orphanidis Boiss.

*Silene rothmaleri Pinto da Silva

*Silene velutina Pourret ex Loisel.

CHENOPODIACEAE

*Bassia saxicola (Guss.) A. J. Scott

*Kochia saxicola Guss.

*Salicornia veneta Pignatti & Lausi

CISTACEAE

Cistus palhinhae Ingram

Halimium verticillatum (Brot.) Sennen

Helianthemum alypoides Losa & Rivas Goday

Helianthemum caput-felis Boiss.

*Tuberaria major (Willk.) Pinto da Silva & Roseira

COMPOSITAE

*Anthemis glaberrima (Rech. f.) Greuter

*Artemisia granatensis Boiss.

*Aster pyrenaeus Desf. ex DC.

*Aster sorrentinii (Tod) Lojac.

*Carduus myriacanthus Salzm. ex DC.

*Centaurea alba L.

subsp. heldreichii (Halacsy) Dostal

*Centaurea alba L.

subsp. princeps (Boiss. & Heldr.) Gugler

*Centaurea attica Nyman

subsp. megarensis (Halacsy & Hayek) Dostal

*Centaurea balearica J. D. Rodriguez

*Centaurea borjae Valdes-Berm. & Rivas Goday

*Centaurea citricolor Font Quer

Centaurea corymbosa Pourret

Centaurea gadorensis G. Bianca

*Centaurea horrida Badaro

*Centaurea kalambakensis Freyn & Sint.

Centaurea kartschiana Scop.

*Centaurea lactiflora Halacsy

Centaurea micrantha Hoffmanns. & Link

subsp. herminii (Rouy) Dostál

*Centaurea niederi Heldr.

*Centaurea peucedanifolia Boiss. & Orph.

*Centaurea pinnata Pau

Centaurea pulvinata (G. Bianca) G. Bianca

Centaurea rothmalerana (Arènes) Dostál

Centaurea vicentina Mariz

*Crepis crocifolia Boiss. & Heldr.

Crepis granatensis (Willk.) B. Bianca & M. Cueto

Erigeron frigidus Boiss. ex DC.

Hymenostemma pseudanthemis (Kunze) Willd.

*Jurinea cyanoides (L.) Reichenb.

*Jurinea fontqueri Cuatrec.

*Lamyropsis microcephala (Moris) Dittrich & Greuter

Leontodon microcephalus (Boiss. ex DC.) Boiss.

Leontodon boryi Boiss.

*Leontodon siculus (Guss.) Finch & Sell

Leuzea longifolia Hoffmanns. & Link

Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass.

Santolina impressa Hoffmanns. & Link

Santolina semidentata Hoffmanns. & Link

*Senecio elodes Boiss. ex DC.

Senecio nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter

CONVOLVULACEAE

*Convolvulus argyrothamnus Greuter

*Convolvulus Fernandes Pinto da Silva & Teles

CRUCIFERAE

Alyssum pyrenaicum Lapeyr.

Arabis sadina (Samp.) P. Cout.

*Biscutella neustriaca Bonnet

Biscutella vincentina (Samp.) Rothm.

Boleum asperum (Pers.) Desvaux

Brassica glabrescens Poldini

Brassica insularis Moris

*Brassica macrocarpa Guss.

Coincya cintrana (P. Cout.) Pinto da Silva

*Coincya rupestris Rouy

*Coronopus navasii Pau

Diplotaxis ibicensis (Pau) Gomez-Campo

*Diplotaxis siettiana Maire

Diplotaxis vicentina (P. Cout.) Rothm.

Erucastrum palustre (Pirona) Vis.

*Iberis arbuscula Runemark

Iberis procumbens Lange

subsp. microcarpa Franco & Pinto da Silva

*Ionopsidium acaule (Desf.) Reichenb.

Ionopsidium savianum (Caruel) Ball ex Arcang.

Sisymbrium cavanillesianum Valdes & Castroviejo

Sisymbrium supinum L.

CYPERACEAE

*Carex panormitana Guss.

Eleocharis carniolica Koch

DIOSCOREACEAE

*Borderea chouardii (Gaussen) Heslot

DROSERACEAE

Aldrovanda vesiculosa L.

EUPHORBIACEAE

*Euphorbia margalidiana Kuhbier & Lewejohann

Euphorbia transtagana Boiss.

GENTIANACEAE

*Centaurium rigualii Esteve Chueca

*Centaurium somedanum Lainz

Gentiana ligustica R. de Vilm. & Chopinet

Gentianella angelica (Pugsley) E. F. Warburg

GERANIACEAE

*Erodium astragaloides Boiss. & Reuter

Erodium paularense Fernandez-Gonzalez & Izco

*Erodium rupicola Boiss.

GRAMINEAE

Avenula hackelii (Henriq.) Holub

Bromus grossus Desf. ex DC.

Coleanthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidl

Festuca brigantina (Markgr.-Dannenb.) Markgr.-Dannenb.

Festuca duriotagana Franco & R. Afonso

Festuca elegans Boiss.

Festuca henriquesii Hack.

Festuca sumilusitanica Franco & R. Afonso

Gaudinia hispanica Stace & Tutin

Holcus setiglumis Boiss. & Reuter

subsp. duriensis Pinto da Silva

Micropyropsis tuberosa Romero - Zarco & Cabezudo

Pseudarrhenatherum pallens (Link) J. Holub

Puccinellia pungens (Pau) Paunero

*Stipa austroitalica Martinovsky

*Stipa bavarica Martinovsky & H. Scholz

*Stipa veneta Moraldo

GROSSULARIACEAE

*Ribes sardum Martelli

HYPERICACEAE

*Hypericum aciferum (Greuter) N. K. B. Robson

JUNCACEAE

Juncus valvatus Link

LABIATAE

Dracocephalum austriacum L.

*Micromeria taygetea P. H. Davis

Nepeta dirphya (Boiss.) Heldr. ex Halacsy

*Nepeta sphaciotica P. H. Davis

Origanum dictamnus L.

Sideritis incana

subsp. glauca (Cav.) Malagarriga

Sideritis javalambrensis Pau

Sideritis serrata Cav. ex Lag.

Teucrium lepicephalum Pau

Teucrium turredanum Losa & Rivas Goday

*Thymus camphoratus Hoffmanns. & Link

Thymus carnosus Boiss.

*Thymus cephalotos L.

LEGUMINOSAE

Anthyllis hystrix Cardona, Contandr. & E. Sierra

*Astragalus algarbiensis Coss. ex Bunge

*Astragalus aquilanus Anzalone

Astragalus centralpinus Braun-Blanquet

*Astragalus maritimus Moris

Astragalus tremolsianus Pau

*Astragalus verrucosus Moris

*Cytisus aeolicus Guss. ex Lindl.

Genista dorycnifolia Font Quer

Genista holopetala (Fleischm. ex Koch) Baldacci

Melilotus segetalis (Brot.) Ser.

subsp. fallax Franco

*Ononis hackelii Lange

Trifolium saxatile All.

*Vicia bifoliolata J. D. Rodriguez

LENTIBULARIACEAE

Pinguicula nevadensis (Lindb.) Casper

LILIACEAE

Allium grosii Font Quer

*Androcymbium rechingeri Greuter

*Asphodelus bento-rainhae P. Silva

Hyacinthoides vicentina (Hoffmanns. & Link) Rothm.

*Muscari gussonei (Parl.) Tod.

LINACEAE

*Linum muelleri Moris

LYTHRACEAE

*Lythrum flexuosum Lag.

MALVACEAE

Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb.

NAJADACEAE

Najas flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & W. L. Schmidt

ORCHIDACEAE

*Cephalanthera cucullata Boiss. & Heldr.

Cypripedium calceolus L.

Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich.

*Ophrys lunulata Parl.

PAEONIACEAE

Paeonia cambessedesii (Willk.) Willk.

Paeonia parnassica Tzanoudakis

Paeonia clusii F. C. Stern

subsp. rhodia (Stearn) Tzanoudakis

PALMAE

Phoenix theophrasti Greuter

PLANTAGINACEAE

Plantago algarbiensis Samp.

Plantago almogravensis Franco

PLUMBAGINACEAE

Armeria berlengensis Daveau

*Armeria helodes Martini & Pold

Armeria negleta Girard

Armeria pseudarmeria (Murray) Mansfeld

*Armeria rouyana Daveau

Armeria soleirolii (Duby) Godron

Armeria velutina Welv. ex Boiss. & Reuter

Limonium dodartii (Girard) O. Kuntze

subsp. lusitanicum (Daveau) Franco

*Limonium insulare (Beg. & Landi) Arrig. & Diana

Limonium lanceolatum (Hoffmanns. & Link) Franco

Limonium multiflorum Erben

*Limonium pseudolaetum Arrig. & Diana

*Limonium strictissimum (Salzmann) Arrig.

POLYGONACEAE

Polygonum praelongum Coode & Cullen

Rumex rupestris Le Gall

PRIMULACEAE

Androsace mathildae Levier

Androsace pyrenaica Lam.

*Primula apennina Widmer

Primula palinuri Petagna

Soldanella villosa Darracq.

RANUNCULACEAE

*Aconitum corsicum Gayer

Adonis distorta Ten.

Aquilegia bertolonii Schott

Aquilegia kitaibelii Schott

*Aquilegia pyrenaica D. C.

subsp. cazorlensis (Heywood) Galiano

*Consolida samia P. H. Davis

Pulsatilla patens (L.) Miller

*Ranunculus weyleri Mares

RESEDACEAE

*Reseda decursiva Forssk.

ROSACEAE

Potentilla delphinensis Gren. & Godron

RUBIACEAE

*Galium litorale Guss.

*Galium viridiflorum Boiss. & Reuter

SALICACEAE

Salix salvifolia Brot.

subsp. australis Franco

SANTALACEAE

Thesium ebracteatum Hayne

SAXIFRAGACEAE

Saxifraga berica (Beguinot) D. A. Webb

Saxifraga florulenta Moretti

Saxifraga hirculus L.

Saxifraga tombeanensis Boiss. ex Engl.

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Antirrhinum charidemi Lange

Chaenorrhinum serpyllifolium (Lange) Lange

subsp. lusitanicum R. Fernandes

*Euphrasia genargentea (Feoli) Diana

Euphrasia marchesettii Wettst. ex Marches.

Linaria algarviana Chav.

Linaria coutinhoi Valdés

*Linaria ficalhoana Rouy

Linaria flava (Poiret) Desf.

*Linaria hellenica Turrill

*Linaria ricardoi Cout.

*Linaria tursica B. Valdes & Cabezudo

Linaria tonzigii Lona

Odontites granatensis Boiss.

Verbascum litigiosum Samp.

Veronica micrantha Hoffmanns. & Link

*Veronica oetaea L.-A. Gustavson

SELAGINACEAE

*Globularia stygia Orph. ex Boiss.

SOLANACEAE

*Atropa baetica Willk.

THYMELAEACEAE

Daphne petraea Leybold

*Daphne rodriguezii Texidor

ULMACEAE

Zelkova abelicea (Lam.) Boiss.

UMBELLIFERAE

*Angelica heterocarpa Lloyd

Angelica palustris (Besser) Hoffm.

*Apium bermejoi Llorens

Apium repens (Jacq.) Lag.

Athamanta cortiana Ferrarini

*Bupleurum capillare Boiss. & Heldr.

*Bupleurum kakiskalae Greuter

Eryngium alpinum L.

*Eryngium viviparum Gay

*Laserpitium longiradium Boiss.

*Naufraga balearica Constans & Cannon

*Oenanthe conioides Lange

Petagnia saniculifolia Guss.

Rouya polygama (Desf.) Coincy

*Seseli intricatum Boiss.

Thorella verticillatinundata (Thore) Brig.

VALERIANACEAE

Centranthus trinervis (Viv.) Beguinot

VIOLACEAE

*Viola hispida Lam.

Viola jaubertiana Mares & Vigineix

Lower plants

BRYOPHYTA

Bruchia vogesiaca Schwaegr. (o)

*Bryoerythrophyllum machadoanum (Sergio) M. Hill (o)

Buxbaumia viridis (Moug. ex Lam. & DC.) Brid. ex Moug. & Nestl. (o)

Dichelyma capillaceum (With.) Myr. (o)

Dicranum viride (Sull. & Lesq.) Lindb. (o)

Distichophyllum carinatum Dix. & Nich. (o)

Drepanocladus vernicosus (Mitt.) Warnst. (o)

Jungermannia handelii (Schiffn.) Amak. (o)

Mannia triandra (Scop.) Grolle (o)

*Marsupella profunda Lindb. (o)

Meesia longiseta Hedw. (o)

Nothothylas orbicularis (Schwein.) Sull. (o)

Orthotrichum rogeri Brid. (o)

Petalophyllum ralfsii Nees & Goot. ex Lehm. (o)

Riccia breidleri Jur. ex Steph. (o)

Riella helicophylla (Mont.) Hook. (o)

Scapania massolongi (K. Muell.) K. Muell. (o)

Sphagnum pylaisii Brid. (o)

Tayloria rudolphiana (Gasrov) B. & G. (o)

SPECIES FOR MACARONESIA

PTERIDOPHYTA

HYMENOPHYLLACEAE

Hymenophyllum maderensis Gibby & Lovis

DRYOPTERIDACEAE

*Polystichum drepanum (Sw.) C. Presl.

ISOETACEAE

Isoetes azorica Durieu & Paiva

MARSILIACEAE

*Marsilea azorica Launert & Paiva

ANGIOSPERMAE

ASCLEPIADACEAE

Caralluma burchardii N. E. Brown

*Ceropegia chrysantha Svent.

BORAGINACEAE

Echium candicans L. fil.

*Echium gentianoides Webb & Coincy

Myosotis azorica H. C. Watson

Myosotis maritima Hochst. in Seub.

CAMPANULACEAE

*Azorina vidalii (H. C. Watson) Feer

Musschia aurea (L. f.) DC.

*Musschia wollastonii Lowe

CAPRIFOLIACEAE

*Sambucus palmensis Link

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Spergularia azorica (Kindb.) Lebel

CELASTRACEAE

Maytenus umbellata (R. Br.) Mabb.

CHENOPODIACEAE

Beta patula Ait.

CISTACEAE

Cistus chinamadensis Banares & Romero

*Helianthemum bystropogophyllum Svent.

COMPOSITAE

Andryala crithmifolia Ait.

*Argyranthemum lidii Humphries

Argyranthemum thalassophylum (Svent.) Hump.

Argyranthemum winterii (Svent.) Humphries

*Atractylis arbuscula Svent. & Michaelis

Atractylis preauxiana Schultz.

Calendula maderensis DC.

Cheirolophus duranii (Burchard) Holub

Cheirolophus ghomerytus (Svent.) Holub

Cheirolophus junonianus (Svent.) Holub

Cheirolophus massonianus (Lowe) Hansen

Cirsium latifolium Lowe

Helichrysum gossypinum Webb

Helichrysum oligocephala (Svent. & Bzamw.)

*Lactuca watsoniana Trel.

*Onopordum nogalesii Svent.

*Onopordum carduelinum Bolle

*Pericallis hadrosoma Svent.

Phagnalon benettii Lowe

Stemmacantha cynaroides (Chr. Son. in Buch) Ditt

Sventenia bupleuroides Font Quer

*Tanacetum ptarmiciflorum Webb & Berth

CONVOLVULACEAE

*Convolvulus caput-medusae Lowe

*Convolvulus lopez-socasii Svent.

*Convolvulus massonii A. Dietr.

CRASSULACEAE

Aeonium gomeraense Praeger

Aeonium saundersii Bolle

Aichryson dumosum (Lowe) Praeg.

Monanthes wildpretii Banares & Scholz

Sedum brissemoretii Raymond-Hamet

CRUCIFERAE

*Crambe arborea Webb ex Christ

Crambe laevigata DC. ex Christ

*Crambe sventenii R. Petters ex Bramwell & Sund.

*Parolinia schizogynoides Svent.

Sinapidendron rupestre (Ait.) Lowe

CYPERACEAE

Carex malato-belizii Raymond

DIPSACACEAE

Scabiosa nitens Roemer & J. A. Schultes

ERICACEAE

Erica scoparia L.

subsp. azorica (Hochst.) D. A. Webb

EUPHORBIACEAE

*Euphorbia handiensis Burchard

Euphorbia lambii Svent.

Euphorbia stygiana H. C. Watson

GERANIACEAE

*Geranium maderense P. F. Yeo

GRAMINEAE

Deschampsia maderensis (Haeck. & Born.)

Phalaris maderensis (Menezes) Menezes

LABIATAE

*Sideritis cystosiphon Svent.

*Sideritis discolor (Webb ex de Noe) Bolle

Sideritis infernalis Bolle

Sideritis marmorea Bolle

Teucrium abutiloides L'Hér

Teucrium betonicum L'Hér

LEGUMINOSAE

*Anagyris latifolia Brouss. ex Willd.

Anthyllis lemanniana Lowe

*Dorycnium spectabile Webb & Berthel

*Lotus azoricus P. W. Ball

Lotus callis-viridis D. Bramwell & D. H. Davis

*Lotus kunkelii (E. Chueca) D. Bramwell & al.

*Teline rosmarinifolia Webb & Berthel.

*Teline salsoloides Arco & Acebes.

Vicia dennesiana H. C. Watson

LILIACEAE

*Androcymbium psammophilum Svent.

Scilla maderensis Menezes

Semele maderensis Costa

LORANTHACEAE

Arceuthobium azoricum Wiens & Hawksw

MYRICACEAE

*Myrica rivas-martinezii Santos.

OLEACEAE

Jasminum azoricum L.

Picconia azorica (Tutin) Knobl.

ORCHIDACEAE

Goodyera macrophylla Lowe

PITTOSPORACEAE

*Pittosporum coriaceum Dryand. ex Ait.

PLANTAGINACEAE

Plantago malato-belizii Lawalree

PLUMBAGINACEAE

*Limonium arborescens (Brouss.) Kuntze

Limonium dendroides Svent.

*Limonium spectabile (Svent.) Kunkel & Sunding

*Limonium sventenii Santos & Fernandez Galvan

POLYGONACEAE

Rumex azoricus Rech. fil.

RHAMNACEAE