36 The derogation in Article 48(4) of the Treaty, according to which the provisions on freedom of movement for workers are not to apply to employment in the public service, concerns only access for nationals of other Member States to certain posts in the civil service (Case C-248/96 Grahame and Hollanders [1997] ECR I-6407, paragraph 32, and Case C-15/96 Schöning-Kougebetopoulou [1998] ECR I-47, paragraph 13). It is settled case-law that it does not apply to the activities of teachers and teaching assistants (Case 66/85 Lawrie-Blum [1986] ECR 2121, paragraph 28; Case C-4/91 Bleis [1991] ECR I-5627, paragraph 7; and Case C-473/93 Commission v Luxembourg [1996] ECR I-3207, paragraph 33).

34 The application concerns the areas of research, education, health, transport by land, sea and air, posts and telecommunications, television broadcasting, water, gas and electricity distribution services and, finally, music. As the Greek Government itself admits, the generality of posts in those areas are remote from the specific activities of the public service because they involve no direct or indirect participation in the exercise of powers conferred by public law nor duties designed to safeguard the general interest of the State or other public authorities (see, in particular, as regards health, the judgment in Case 307/84 Commission v France [1986] ECR 1725; as regards research for civil purposes, the judgment in Case 225/85 Commission v Italy [1987] ECR 2625, and, as regards education, the judgments in Case 66/85 Lawrie-Blum [1986] ECR 2121, Case 33/88 Allué and Coonan [1989] ECR 1591 and Case C-4/91 Bleis [1991] ECR I-5627).

33 As to that argument, the Court has already stated that the very strict conditions which posts must satisfy in order to come within the exception laid down in Article 48(4) of the Treaty are not fulfilled in the case of trainee teachers (judgment in Case 66/85 Lawrie-Blum [1986] ECR 2121, paragraph 28), in the case of foreign-language assistants (judgment in Case 33/88 Allué and Coonan [1989] ECR 1591, paragraph 9) or in the case of secondary school teachers (judgment in Case C-4/91 Bleis [1991] ECR I-5627, paragraph 7).

APPLICATION for the annulment of Commission Decision REC 4/91 of 24 October 1991 confirming that it is appropriate to effect post-clearance recovery of import duties in a particular case,

1 By application lodged at the Court Registry on 16 April 1992 the Italian company Lezzi Pietro & C. Srl (hereinafter "Lezzi Pietro") brought an action under the second paragraph of Article 173 of the EEC Treaty for the annulment of Commission Decision REC 4/91 of 24 October 1991 confirming that it is appropriate to effect post-clearance recovery of import duties in a particular case.