Lexploria

AS TO THE ADMISSIBILITY OF

Application No. 33092/96

by Robert Julian LAMBERT

against the United Kingdom

The European Commission of Human Rights (First Chamber) sitting

in private on 14 January 1998, the following members being present:

MM M.P. PELLONPÄÄ, President

N. BRATZA

E. BUSUTTIL

A. WEITZEL

Mrs J. LIDDY

MM L. LOUCAIDES

B. MARXER

B. CONFORTI

I. BÉKÉS

G. RESS

A. PERENIC

C. BÎRSAN

K. HERNDL

M. VILA AMIGÓ

Mrs M. HION

Mr R. NICOLINI

Mrs M.F. BUQUICCHIO, Secretary to the Chamber

Having regard to Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection

of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms;

Having regard to the application introduced on 6 June 1996 by

Robert Julian LAMBERT against the United Kingdom and registered on

20 September 1996 under file No. 33092/96;

Having regard to the report provided for in Rule 47 of the Rules

of Procedure of the Commission;

Having deliberated;

Decides as follows:

THE FACTS

The applicant is a citizen of the United Kingdom, born in 1973,

and currently serving a prison sentence in HMP Grendon in Aylesbury.

He is represented by Mr T.J. Bancroft of Messrs John Coplan & Son,

Solicitors in Sheerness.

The facts of the case, insofar as can be established from the

applicant's submissions, may be summarised as follows.

a. Particular circumstances of the case

At the relevant time, the applicant was serving a prison sentence

in HMP Swaleside, a Category B Training Prison housing convicted

prisoners requiring conditions of high security.

Between November 1994 and June 1995, upon decision of the

Governor, the applicant was transferred several times to the so-called

Restricted Regime unit, located at Wing A1 of HMP Swaleside, which unit

houses inmates placed on a Restricted Regime for unacceptable conduct.

In the night of 8-9 December 1994, following three simultaneous

cell fires in A1 Wing, twelve inmates of the A1 Wing, amongst whom the

applicant, were evacuated to the recreation room. These inmates then

barricaded the door of the recreation room and damaged its interior.

Following an intervention by a riot team, the twelve inmates were

locked in again. At some later point in time, eight of them, amongst

whom the applicant, were committed for trial for prison mutiny.

On 3 July 1995, four inmates, not including the applicant, who

had all been placed under the Restricted Regime at some point in time

applied for judicial review of the Governor's orders to transfer them

to the A1 restricted regime on grounds that this regime was unlawful.

On 13 December 1995, after the Governor had assured these four

inmates' representative that he did not intend to reintroduce the

Restricted Regime in the same form as it operated prior to

17 July 1995, the application for judicial review was withdrawn by

agreement between the parties. The terms of this agreement were

incorporated in an Order of 11 January 1996.

In the criminal proceedings before the Crown Court at Canterbury

against the applicant and seven others, the Prosecution conceded that

the events which took place on 8-9 December 1994 were probably a

protest against the Restrictive Regime but maintained it was intended

to overthrow lawful authority in the prison.

In a ruling given on 17 May 1996, Judge Langdon of the Canterbury

Crown Court decided there was insufficient evidence as regards the

charge of prison mutiny and, consequently, dismissed the charges

against the applicant and the seven others.

In this ruling, Judge Langdon held, inter alia:

"I am minded to tell that if there were clear breaches

of the prison rules which would justify complaint, that would not

amount to a defence to any criminal charge unless -- and that is

an important qualification -- the jury felt that what was done

by the defendants may in all the circumstances have been

reasonable and necessary to resist unlawful acts or orders ...

I would have obviously directed the jury to look at the

legitimate means the prisoners had of airing their grievances,

such as, complaints to the Governor and the Board of Visitors.

We heard from ... the Chairman of the Board of

Visitors ... and I have no doubt he did what he could. So far as

other means of airing their grievances concerned..., I think the

prisoners could be forgiven for thinking that complaints to the

Governor might be counter productive so far, particularly, as far

as the length of their stay in restrictive custody was concerned,

because it was after all the Governor's baby.

As it is, I have not had to grasp the nettle as firmly as

at one stage it seemed I might have to. I find that there was a

significant erosion of the spirit of the prison rules, such as

to justify stigmatising that restrictive regime as oppressive.

The prisoners had something legitimate to complain about. They

were entitled to complain, and it seemed on the evidence that

some complaint had been made. When those complaints were not met,

it is likely that a protest would follow, and protest of course

did follow."

b. Relevant domestic law

The treatment of convicted prisoners is governed by the Prison

Rules of 1964, as amended, made under the Prison Act 1952. These Rules

are supplemented by Standing Orders and Circular Instructions made by

the Secretary of State which set out the detailed practice to be

followed in applying these Rules.

The Governor has a power to segregate prisoners pursuant to

Prison Rule 43 which, insofar as relevant, provides as follows:

"1. Where it appears desirable, for the maintenance of good

order or discipline or in his own interests, that a prisoner

should not associate with other prisoners, either generally or

for particular purposes, the Governor may arrange for the

prisoner's removal from association accordingly.

2. A prisoner shall not be removed under this Rule for a

period of more than 3 days without the authority of a member of

the Board of Visitors or of the Secretary of State. An authority

given under this paragraph shall be for a period not exceeding

one month ....

3. The Governor may arrange at his discretion for such a

prisoner as aforesaid to resume association with other prisoners,

and shall do so if in any case the medical officer so advises on

medical grounds."

Prison Rule 47 sets out a number of disciplinary offences which

a detainee may commit. Pursuant to Prison Rule 49, a detainee charged

with a disciplinary offence must be informed of the charge as soon as

possible and is entitled to be heard on the charge. Where an inmate has

been found guilty of a disciplinary offence, the Governor may order a

forfeiture of privileges for a maximum of 28 days, exclusion from

associated work for a maximum of 14 days or cellular confinement for

a maximum of 14 days.

On 7 September 1994, the so-called Restricted or Basic Regime as

opposed to the Normal or Standard Regime was introduced in HMP

Swaleside upon the Governor's decision. The Restricted Regime operated

until 17 July 1995. It was meant to create a systematic approach to the

granting and withholding of facilities for inmates with a view to

providing the latter with an incentive to good behaviour.

A placement in a Restricted Regime unit involved weekly

assessments with a review every 28 days. Unlike a regime imposed under

Prison Rule 43, a Restricted Regime did not require prior or subsequent

approval of the Board of Visitors.

Like the Regime under Prison Rule 43, there is no association

with other detainees under the Restricted Regime outside the exercise

hour. A placement under the Restricted Regime did further entail more

or less important restrictions as regards association with other

inmates, restrictions on leisure activities, work, library access,

contacts by telephone and permitted personal belongings.

Under the Normal Regime, detainees can spend £20 per week on

phone cards and, apart from the time they are locked in their cells,

they enjoy unrestricted access to the telephone without supervision.

Under the Restricted Regime, detainees were allowed one £2 or one £4

phone card per week, the latter at an officer's discretion, and they

were allowed one supervised telephone call per day.

A detainee subject to a Restricted Regime could either make a

phone call or use an iron or cell cleaning equipment. There were

further certain restrictions under the Restricted Regime as to a

detainee's visits.

In the 1994 Annual Report from the HMP Swaleside Board of

Visitors the following was stated as regards the A1 Restricted Regime:

"The Board recognised that there was a need to assist staff with

the difficult and recalcitrant prisoners who were arriving at

Swaleside in increasing number. The Board have, however, from the

outset been seriously concerned at the regime which has been put

in place. Since last September, the Board have regularly raised

their serious concerns with the management and in November

requested a special meeting with the Governor, when it was made

absolutely clear that the Board were most unhappy with the

regime. The prisoners were, and still are, being held in solitary

confinement for 23+ hours per day. They have no association with

other prisoners (other than at exercise), they are precluded from

work and there is a "strip cell" on the spur apparently in

regular use. It is hard to see that they are in other than

Rule 43 conditions - without limit of time - without the daily

supervision of a governor, or of a medical officer, or of the

chaplaincy, and certainly without the authorisation of the Board

of Visitors.*

The perception of the prisoners is that they are in cellular

confinement in an unsupervised segregation unit.

...

(*The Board are pleased to record that the Governors Rounds have been

introduced with effect from February 1995)."

On 17 July 1995, the Prison (Amendment) (No. 2) Rules 1995 S.I.

1598 entered into force. Prison Rule 4, as amended, sets rules for

prison Governors as to the granting or withdrawal of privileges in

respect of detainees. New national standards were further introduced

on 25 July 1995 by Instruction to Governors 74/1995.

In R. v. Deputy Governor of Parkhurst ex parte Hague ([1992] 1

A.C. 58), intolerable conditions of detention were recognised as

constituting a basis for an application for judicial review.

COMPLAINTS

1. The applicant complains that the Restricted Regime, entailing a

placement in an inadequately equipped, virtually unsupervised

segregation unit without a clear time-limit as to the duration of such

a placement, constitutes treatment contrary to Article 3 of the

Convention.

2. The applicant further complains that his placement in the

Restricted Regime unit was decided without respecting the procedural

safeguards prescribed by Article 6 of the Convention.

3. The applicant complains that his placement in the Restricted

Regime Unit constitutes an unjustified interference with his rights

under Article 8 para. 1 of the Convention, in particular in that this

interference is not foreseen in any statutory or secondary rules. The

applicant submits that this Regime was an unnecessary and

disproportionate way of enforcing prison discipline as a full

disciplinary code of offences, system of trial and punishments was

available to the Governor under the Prison Rules.

4. The applicant finally complains under Article 13 of the

Convention of his inability to obtain proper redress or compensation

for his suffering unlawfully.

THE LAW

1. The applicant complains that the decision to transfer him to the

A1 Restricted Regime unit in HMP Swaleside entailed violations of his

right not to be subjected to treatment contrary to Article 3 (Art. 3)

of the Convention, his right to a fair hearing under Article 6

(Art. 6) of the Convention, his right under Article 8 (Art. 8) of the

Convention to respect for his private life and correspondence and his

right to an effective remedy under Article 13 (Art. 13) of the

Convention.

The Commission notes that it does not appear from the case-file

that the applicant has ever challenged the lawfulness of his placement

under a Restricted Regime by filing an application with the High Court

for judicial review of any such decision.

The Commission does not find that the applicant has sufficiently

established, on the basis of relevant case-law, that the High Court

would in fact have refused to consider such an application (cf.

No. 18598/91, Dec. 18.5.94, D.R. 78, p. 71; and No. 19819/92,

Dec. 5.7.94, D.R. 78, p. 88).

The Commission is, therefore, of the opinion that the applicant

has failed to comply with the requirement of exhaustion of domestic

remedies within the meaning of Article 26 (Art. 26) of the Convention

as regards his complaints under Articles 3, 6 and 8 (Art. 3, 6, 8) of

the Convention.

It follows that this part of the application must be rejected

under Article 27 para. 3 (Art. 27-3) of the Convention.

As to the remainder of the application, the Commission recalls

that a refusal by a court to deal with an arguable complaint on the

ground that there is no legal interest which requires determining has

been held to be incompatible with Article 13 (Art. 13) of the

Convention (No. 21353/93, B.C. v. Switzerland, Comm. Report 3.9.96,

paras. 63-68, currently pending before the Court). However, no refusal

of this kind has in fact occurred in the present case.

It follows that this part of the application must be rejected as

manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 27 para. 2

(Art. 27-2) of the Convention.

For these reasons, the Commission, unanimously,

DECLARES THE APPLICATION INADMISSIBLE.

M.F. BUQUICCHIO M.P. PELLONPÄÄ

Secretary President

to the First Chamber of the First Chamber

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LAMBERT v. THE UNITED KINGDOM

LAMBERT v. THE UNITED KINGDOM

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