Avis juridique important

Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 24 January 2002. - Portugaia Construções Ldª. - Reference for a preliminary ruling: Amtsgericht Tauberbischofsheim - Germany. - Freedom to provide services - Construction undertakings - Directive 96/71/EC - Posting of workers - Minimum wage. - Case C-164/99. European Court reports 2002 Page I-00787

Summary Parties Grounds Decision on costs Operative part

1. Freedom to provide services - Restrictions - Requirement that undertakings providing services pay the minimum remuneration laid down by the national rules of the host Member State - Whether permissible - Conditions - Assessment by national authorities or national courts - Declared intention of the legislature - Effect

(EC Treaty, Art. 59 (now, after amendment, Art. 49 EC) and Art. 60 (now Art. 50 EC))

2. Freedom to provide services - Restrictions - Entitlement, by concluding a collective agreement specific to one undertaking, to pay wages lower than the minimum wage laid down in a collective agreement declared to be of general application - Right reserved to national employers - Not permissible

(EC Treaty, Art. 59 (now, after amendment, Art. 49 EC))

1. In principle Community law does not preclude a Member State from requiring an undertaking established in another Member State which provides services in the territory of the first State to pay its workers the minimum remuneration laid down by the national rules of that State.

In assessing whether the application by the host Member State to service providers established in another Member State of domestic legislation laying down a minimum wage is compatible with Article 59 of the Treaty (now, after amendment, Article 49 EC) and Article 60 of the Treaty (now Article 50 EC), it is for the national authorities or, as the case may be, the national courts to determine whether, considered objectively, that legislation provides for the protection of posted workers. In that regard, although the declared intention of the legislature cannot be conclusive, it may nevertheless constitute an indication as to the objective pursued by the legislation.

( see paras 21, 30, and operative part 1 )

2. The fact that, in concluding a collective agreement specific to one undertaking, an employer established in one Member State can pay wages lower than the minimum wage laid down in a collective agreement declared to be generally applicable, whilst an employer established in another Member State cannot do so, gives rise to unequal treatment and constitutes an unjustified restriction on the freedom to provide services.

( see paras 34-35, and operative part 2 )

In Case C-164/99,

REFERENCE to the Court under Article 234 EC by the Amtsgericht Tauberbischofsheim (Germany) for a preliminary ruling in the infringement proceedings brought before that court against

Portugaia Construções Lda,

on the interpretation of Article 59 of the EC Treaty (now, after amendment, Article 49 EC) and Article 60 of the EC Treaty (now Article 50 EC) and of Directive 96/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1996 concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services (OJ 1997 L 18, p. 1),

THE COURT (Fifth Chamber),

composed of: P. Jann, President of the Chamber, D.A.O. Edward (Rapporteur) and A. La Pergola, Judges,

Advocate General: J. Mischo,

Registrar: H.A. Rühl, Principal Administrator,

after considering the written observations submitted on behalf of:

- Portugaia Construções Lda, by B. Buchberger, Rechtsanwalt,

- the German Government, by W.-D. Plessing and C.-D. Quassowski, acting as Agents,

- the French Government, by K. Rispal-Bellanger and C. Bergeot, acting as Agents,

- the Netherlands Government, by M.A. Fierstra, acting as Agent,

- the Portuguese Government, by L. Fernandes and S. Emídio de Almeida, acting as Agents,

- the Commission of the European Communities, by P. Hillenkamp and M. Patakia, acting as Agents, assisted by R. Karpenstein, Rechtsanwalt,

having regard to the Report for the Hearing,

after hearing the oral observations of Portugaia Construções Lda, of the German Government and of the Commission at the hearing on 15 March 2001,

after hearing the Opinion of the Advocate General at the sitting on 3 May 2001,

gives the following

Judgment

1 By order of 13 April 1999, received at the Court on 4 May 1999, the Amtsgericht (District Court) Tauberbischofsheim (Germany) referred to the Court for a preliminary ruling under Article 234 EC two questions on the interpretation of Article 59 of the EC Treaty (now, after amendment, Article 49 EC) and Article 60 of the EC Treaty (now Article 50 EC) and of Directive 96/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1996 concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services (OJ 1997 L 18, p. 1).

2 The questions have been raised in proceedings between the Tauberbischofsheim Employment Office and Portugaia Construções Lda (hereinafter Portugaia), which lodged an objection against a notice which it received for recovery of a sum of DEM 138 018.52.

Law applicable

3 The Arbeitnehmer-Entsendegesetz (Law on the Posting of Employees, hereinafter the AEntG), in the version of 26 February 1996 applicable to the instant case, applies to the construction industry.

4 The first sentence of Paragraph 1(1) of the AEntG extends the applicability of certain collective agreements having binding general application to employers having their seat abroad and to their workers posted to Germany. That provision is worded as follows:

The legal provisions laid down in a collective agreement in the construction industry declared to be of binding general application within the meaning of Paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Baubetriebe-Verordnung (Regulation on the Building Industry) ... , shall also apply in so far as the undertaking is principally engaged in providing building services within the meaning of Paragraph 75(1), point 2, of the Arbeitsförderungsgesetz (Law on the Promotion of Employment) ... and German law is not in any event determinative for the employment relationship, to an employment relationship binding an employer established abroad and his employee working within the territorial scope of that collective agreement, where and to the extent to which

(1) the collective agreement lays down a single minimum wage for all workers within its scope of application and

(2) domestic employers established outside the territorial scope of application of that collective agreement must also guarantee their employees working within the territorial scope of application of the collective agreement at the very least the collectively agreed work terms in force at the place of work.

5 According to the third and fourth sentences of Paragraph 1(1) of the AEntG, an employer, within the meaning of the first sentence, is required to guarantee his posted workers the work terms provided for in the first sentence of that paragraph.

6 Under Paragraph 5 of the AEntG, a breach of the binding provisions of Paragraph 1 of that Law is punishable as an offence. Under Paragraph 29 of the Gesetz über Ordnungswidrigkeiten (Law on Regulatory Offences), the court may order recovery of any pecuniary advantages obtained through punishable conduct.

7 On 2 September 1996, the social partners in the German construction industry concluded, with effect from 1 October 1996 but at the earliest from the date of entry into force of its general applicability, a collective agreement laying down a minimum wage in the construction sector in the Federal Republic of Germany (hereinafter the collective agreement).

8 The collective agreement was declared generally applicable on 12 November 1996, but its applicability did not take effect until 1 January 1997.

9 The national court also points out that, under German law governing collective agreements, the social partners may conclude collective agreements at various levels, at the federal level as well as at the level of an undertaking. In this regard, collective agreements specific to an undertaking in principle take precedence over general collective agreements.

The main proceedings and the questions referred for a preliminary ruling

10 Portugaia is a company established in Portugal. Between March and July 1997, it carried out structural building work in Tauberbischofsheim. In order to carry out that work, it posted a number of its workers to that building site.

11 In March and May 1997, the Arbeitsamt (Employment Office) in Tauberbischofsheim carried out an investigation into the employment conditions on that building site. On the basis of the documentation submitted by Portugaia, it concluded that Portugaia was paying the workers who had been the object of the inspection a wage lower than the minimum wage payable under the collective agreement. It accordingly ordered payment of the sum outstanding, that is to say the difference between the hourly wage payable and that actually paid, multiplied by the total number of hours worked, making a total sum of DEM 138 018.52.

12 The national court before which Portugaia lodged an objection against the recovery notice for payment of that sum has doubts about the compatibility of the German legislation with Articles 59 and 60 of the Treaty. It points out that, according to the stated grounds of the AEntG, its objective is to protect the national labour market - in particular against social dumping resulting from an influx of low-wage labour -, to reduce national unemployment and to enable German undertakings to adapt to the internal market. Unlike German employers, employers from other Member States do not have the possibility of concluding more specific collective agreements with a German trade union in order to avoid application of collective agreements.

13 Taking the view that the case depended on an interpretation of the relevant Community rules, the Amtsgericht Tauberbischofsheim decided to stay proceedings and to refer the following questions to the Court for a preliminary ruling:

1. Is an interpretation of Directive 96/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1996 concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services ... or, if that directive is not applicable, an interpretation of Article 59 et seq. of the EC Treaty, under which overriding requirements of public interest capable of justifying a restriction on the freedom to provide services in cases involving the posting of employees can lie not only in the social protection of the employees posted but also in the protection of the national construction industry and the reduction in national unemployment for the purpose of preventing social tension, consistent with Community law?

2. Does it amount to an unjustified restriction on the freedom to provide services under the EC Treaty if a domestic employer can pay less than the minimum wage laid down in a collective agreement declared to be generally binding by concluding a collective agreement specific to one undertaking (and enjoying precedence), whereas this is - at least in fact - not possible for any non-German EC employer when he plans to post workers to the Federal Republic of Germany?

The first question

14 As the Netherlands Government rightly points out, the first question does not have to be considered with reference to Directive 96/71 since the time-limit for transposition of that directive, fixed for 16 December 1999, had not expired at the time of the events in question.

15 It follows that the legislation in question in the main proceedings must be examined in the light of Articles 59 and 60 of the Treaty alone.

21 As regards, more specifically, national provisions relating to minimum wages, such as those at issue in the main proceedings, it is clear from the case-law of the Court that in principle Community law does not preclude a Member State from requiring an undertaking established in another Member State which provides services in the territory of the first State to pay its workers the minimum remuneration laid down by the national rules of that State (Joined Cases 62/81 and 63/81 Seco and Desquenne & Giral [1982] ECR 223, paragraph 14; Guiot, paragraph 12; Arblade and Others, paragraph 33; and Mazzoleni and ISA, paragraphs 28 and 29).

23 However, there may be circumstances in which the application of such rules would not be in conformity with Articles 59 and 60 of the Treaty (see, to this effect, Mazzoleni and ISA, paragraph 30).

25 In the present case, the national court points out that, according to the stated grounds of the AEntG, the purpose of that Law is to protect the domestic construction industry and to reduce unemployment in order to avoid social tensions.

30 It follows from the foregoing considerations that the answer to be given to the first question must be that, in assessing whether the application by the host Member State to service providers established in another Member State of domestic legislation laying down a minimum wage is compatible with Articles 59 and 60 of the Treaty, it is for the national authorities or, as the case may be, the national courts to determine whether, considered objectively, that legislation provides for the protection of posted workers. In that regard, although the declared intention of the legislature cannot be conclusive, it may nevertheless constitute an indication as to the objective pursued by the legislation.

The second question

31 By its second question, the national court asks essentially whether the fact that a domestic employer may, in concluding a collective agreement specific to one undertaking, pay wages lower than the minimum wage laid down by a collective agreement declared to be generally binding, whilst an employer established in another Member State cannot do so, constitutes an unjustified restriction on the freedom to provide services.

32 The German Government submits that this question is inadmissible on the ground that it is purely hypothetical and that the answer is clearly irrelevant to the determination of the case. In particular, the German Government points out that, as far as it is aware, in the economic sectors in which foreign employees must respect collective agreements relating to minimum wages, there is no collective agreement specific to one undertaking providing that the German employers concerned may apply terms of employment less favourable for workers than those to be observed under the AEntG.

33 That submission cannot be upheld. It is sufficient to recall that according to settled case-law it is solely for the national courts before which actions are brought, and which must bear the responsibility for the subsequent judicial decision, to determine in the light of the particular aspects of each case both the need for a preliminary ruling in order to enable them to deliver judgment and the relevance of the questions which they submit to the Court. Dismissal of a request from a national court is possible only where it is clear that the interpretation of Community law requested by that court has no bearing on the real situation or on the subject-matter of the case (see Joined Cases C-332/92, C-333/92 and C-335/92 Eurico Italia and Others [1994] ECR I-711, paragraph 17). However, that is not the case here.

34 As regards the substance of the matter, the fact that, unlike an employer from the host Member State, an employer established in another Member State has no possibility of avoiding the obligation to pay the minimum wage laid down by the collective agreement governing the economic sector concerned creates unequal treatment contrary to Article 59 of the Treaty. It must be emphasised in this regard that no ground of justification provided for by the Treaty has been invoked.

35 The reply to be given to the second question must therefore be that the fact that, in concluding a collective agreement specific to one undertaking, a domestic employer can pay wages lower than the minimum wage laid down in a collective agreement declared to be generally applicable, whilst an employer established in another Member State cannot do so, constitutes an unjustified restriction on the freedom to provide services.

Costs

36 The costs incurred by the German, French, Dutch and Portuguese Governments and by the Commission, which have submitted observations to the Court, are not recoverable. Since these proceedings are, for the parties to the main proceedings, a step in the proceedings pending before the national court, the decision on costs is a matter for that court.

On those grounds,

THE COURT (Fifth Chamber),

in answer to the questions referred to it by the Amtsgericht Tauberbischofsheim by order of 13 April 1999, hereby rules:

1. In assessing whether the application by the host Member State to service providers established in another Member State of domestic legislation laying down a minimum wage is compatible with Article 59 of the EC Treaty (now, after amendment, Article 49 EC) and Article 60 of the EC Treaty (now Article 50 EC), it is for the national authorities or, as the case may be, the national courts to determine whether, considered objectively, that legislation provides for the protection of posted workers. In that regard, although the declared intention of the legislature cannot be conclusive, it may nevertheless constitute an indication as to the objective pursued by the legislation.

2. The fact that, in concluding a collective agreement specific to one undertaking, a domestic employer can pay wages lower than the minimum wage laid down in a collective agreement declared to be generally applicable, whilst an employer established in another Member State cannot do so, constitutes an unjustified restriction on the freedom to provide services.